The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage Commitment and Specification: Future Perspectives and Limitations for the Treatment of Monocyte and Macrophage Relevant Diseases with PARP Inhibitors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. The Origin of Monocytes and Macrophages
3. PARP1 Transcription Reflects Changes in Proliferation Status and Requirement for DNA Protection in Monocytes, Macrophages, and Their Precursors
3.1. PARP1 Transcription Is Driven by the Promoter Characterized by the E2F Binding Motif, Which Links Gene Transcription with Mitotic Divisions
3.2. PARP1 Regulatory Proteins Define the Contribution of the Enzyme to DNA Repair and Transcription by Discriminating Amino Acid Residues for Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation
4. PARP1 in Precursors of Monocytes and Macrophages—A Driver of Pluri- and Multipotency
5. PARP1 in Monocytes—The Role of Enzyme Repression in Transcription Control of Inter- and Intracellular Signaling Mediators
6. PARP1 in Macrophages—Its Role in Their Polarization
6.1. Factors That Activate PARP1 in Macrophages and Their Role in Macrophage Polarization
6.2. The Contribution of PARP1 to Classical Macrophage Polarization
6.3. The Role of PARP1 in STAT1/3 Signaling—Implications for Viral Infection
6.4. Extracellular Poly-ADP-ribose Polymers as Pro-inflammatory Ligands to Macrophage Surface Receptors
6.5. PARP1 in Anti-inflammatory Polarization of Macrophages—Insight into JAK-STAT Signaling and Nuclear Receptors
6.6. PARP1 in the Metabolic Adjustment of a Macrophage to the Physiological Function—Cross-talk between Metabolism and ROS Production
6.7. The Role of PARP1 in Defining Enzymatic Defense Against Oxidative Condition in Polarized Macrophages
7. PARP1 Inhibitors in the Intentional Modulation of Monocyte and Macrophage Responses
7.1. Possible Benefits of PARP Inhibitors in the Treatment of Inflammatory-Relevant Disorders
7.2. Specificity and Off-Targets of ADP-Ribosylation Inhibitors
7.3. PARP‒DNA Traps in the Modulation of Monocyte and Macrophage Responses
7.4. PARP Inhibitors as Possible Guardians of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Pluripotency
7.5. PARP Inhibitors in the Direct Treatment of Hematopoietic Cancers
7.6. PARP Inhibitors in Anticancer Immunotherapy
8. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sobczak, M.; Zyma, M.; Robaszkiewicz, A. The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage Commitment and Specification: Future Perspectives and Limitations for the Treatment of Monocyte and Macrophage Relevant Diseases with PARP Inhibitors. Cells 2020, 9, 2040. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092040
Sobczak M, Zyma M, Robaszkiewicz A. The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage Commitment and Specification: Future Perspectives and Limitations for the Treatment of Monocyte and Macrophage Relevant Diseases with PARP Inhibitors. Cells. 2020; 9(9):2040. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092040
Chicago/Turabian StyleSobczak, Maciej, Marharyta Zyma, and Agnieszka Robaszkiewicz. 2020. "The Role of PARP1 in Monocyte and Macrophage Commitment and Specification: Future Perspectives and Limitations for the Treatment of Monocyte and Macrophage Relevant Diseases with PARP Inhibitors" Cells 9, no. 9: 2040. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9092040