Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Clinical and Epidemiological Features
3. Molecular Profiling of Inflammatory Breast Carcinomas
4. Epigenetic of Mammary Gland Differentiation and Development
5. Epigenetic Alterations in Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Breast Cancer
6. Evidence of Disrupted Epigenetic Program in the Inflammatory Breast Cancer Development
6.1. Racial Disparities and Epigenetic Alterations
6.2. Obesity and Body Mass Index (BMI)
6.3. Environmental Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors
6.4. Stemness and Microenvironment
6.5. Inflammatory Pathways
7. Epigenetic Therapy: The Inhibitors of Histone Deacetylases (HDACi)
8. Final Remarks and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Target Gene(s) | Strategy | Sample Size | Main Findings | Refs. |
---|---|---|---|---|
APC | Quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR | 21 IBC/ 35 Non-IBC | High methylation levels in IBC versus non-IBC | [77,78] |
APC DAPK HIN-1 RASSF1A RARB TWIST1 | Quantitative Methylation-Specific PCR using a six-gene panel | 19 IBC/ 81 Non-IBC | Differential methylation of RARB in IBC RARB and APC methylation frequency were significantly increased in IBC | [78] |
Array-based DNA methylation profiling | Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 27 Beadchip | 19 IBC/ 43 non-IBC | Four-gene based signature (TJP3, MOGAT2, NTSR2, and AGT) differentiates IBC from non-IBC | [79] |
GPX3 | qualitative Methylation-Specific PCR | 20 IBC/ 20 non-IBC | High promoter hypermethylation of GPX3 gene in IBC versus non-IBC | [80] |
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Faldoni, F.L.C.; Rainho, C.A.; Rogatto, S.R. Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020, 9, 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051164
Faldoni FLC, Rainho CA, Rogatto SR. Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells. 2020; 9(5):1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051164
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaldoni, Flavia Lima Costa, Cláudia Aparecida Rainho, and Silvia Regina Rogatto. 2020. "Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives" Cells 9, no. 5: 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051164