Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives
1
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, São Paulo, Brazil
2
Hermínio Ometto Foundation, Araras 13607-339, São Paulo, Brazil
3
Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
4
Department of Clinical Genetics, Lillebaelt University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, 7100 Odense, Denmark
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2020, 9(5), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051164
Received: 31 March 2020
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Revised: 25 April 2020
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Accepted: 30 April 2020
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Published: 8 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue DNA Methylation and Its Application in Cancer Therapy)
Evidence has emerged implicating epigenetic alterations in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) origin and progression. IBC is a rare and rapidly progressing disease, considered the most aggressive type of breast cancer (BC). At clinical presentation, IBC is characterized by diffuse erythema, skin ridging, dermal lymphatic invasion, and peau d’orange aspect. The widespread distribution of the tumor as emboli throughout the breast and intra- and intertumor heterogeneity is associated with its poor prognosis. In this review, we highlighted studies documenting the essential roles of epigenetic mechanisms in remodeling chromatin and modulating gene expression during mammary gland differentiation and the development of IBC. Compiling evidence has emerged implicating epigenetic changes as a common denominator linking the main risk factors (socioeconomic status, environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors, racial disparities, and obesity) with IBC development. DNA methylation changes and their impact on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of IBC are also described. Recent studies are focusing on the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors as promising epigenetic drugs for treating IBC. All efforts must be undertaken to unravel the epigenetic marks that drive this disease and how this knowledge could impact strategies to reduce the risk of IBC development and progression.
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Keywords:
inflammatory breast cancer; DNA methylation; histone modifications; histone deacetylases; epigenetic therapy
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MDPI and ACS Style
Faldoni, F.L.C.; Rainho, C.A.; Rogatto, S.R. Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells 2020, 9, 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051164
AMA Style
Faldoni FLC, Rainho CA, Rogatto SR. Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives. Cells. 2020; 9(5):1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051164
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaldoni, Flavia L.C., Cláudia A. Rainho, and Silvia R. Rogatto. 2020. "Epigenetics in Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Biological Features and Therapeutic Perspectives" Cells 9, no. 5: 1164. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9051164
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