Activation of the PI3K-AKT Pathway by Old World Alphaviruses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. PI3K-AKT Pathway
1.2. Alphaviruses
1.3. Effect of Alphaviruses on PI3K-AKT Pathway During Infection
1.4. SFV and RRV Hyperactivate the PI3K-AKT-mTOR Pathway and Downstream Effectors
1.5. CHIKV Activates PI3K-AKT Moderately
1.6. SINV Differentially Activates PI3K-AKT in Different Species
1.7. Benefits of Activation of PI3K Pathway for Alphaviruses
2. Metabolic Change
Alphaviruses Influence Cellular Metabolism
3. Interaction with Autophagy
3.1. Various Viruses Influence Autophagy
3.2. CHIKV Induce Autophagy, Whereas SFV Blocks It
4. Promotion of Cell Survival
Unknown Whether Alphaviruses Activate PI3K-AKT to Promote Cell Survival
5. The Strange Case of the Trafficking of Replication Complexes
Some Alphaviruses Stimulate Internalisation of Replication Complexes
6. Remarks in Conclusion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mechanism of PI3K-AKT Activation | Effects of PI3K-AKT Activation on | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Metabolism | Autophagy | Apoptosis | Trafficking RC | ||
SFV | Strong activation via YXXM motif in nsP3 | Increases glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis | Blocks degradation of autophagosomes | Small, not significant delay | RCs traffic from PM to CPV-I |
RRV | Strong activation via YXXM motif in nsP3 | Increases fatty acid synthesis | Unknown | Small, not significant delay | RCs traffic from PM to CPV-I |
CHIKV | Moderate activation by unknown mechanism | Unknown | Increases production of autophagosomes | Unknown | RC mostly remain at PM |
SINV | Weak or transient activation by unknown mechanism | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | RC mostly remain at PM |
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Van Huizen, E.; McInerney, G.M. Activation of the PI3K-AKT Pathway by Old World Alphaviruses. Cells 2020, 9, 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040970
Van Huizen E, McInerney GM. Activation of the PI3K-AKT Pathway by Old World Alphaviruses. Cells. 2020; 9(4):970. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040970
Chicago/Turabian StyleVan Huizen, Eline, and Gerald M. McInerney. 2020. "Activation of the PI3K-AKT Pathway by Old World Alphaviruses" Cells 9, no. 4: 970. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9040970