Autophagy and Lc3-Associated Phagocytosis in Zebrafish Models of Bacterial Infections
Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2020, 9(11), 2372; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112372
Received: 25 September 2020
/
Revised: 24 October 2020
/
Accepted: 28 October 2020
/
Published: 29 October 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autophagy in Antimicrobial Immunity)
Modeling human infectious diseases using the early life stages of zebrafish provides unprecedented opportunities for visualizing and studying the interaction between pathogens and phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. Intracellular pathogens use phagocytes or other host cells, like gut epithelial cells, as a replication niche. The intracellular growth of these pathogens can be counteracted by host defense mechanisms that rely on the autophagy machinery. In recent years, zebrafish embryo infection models have provided in vivo evidence for the significance of the autophagic defenses and these models are now being used to explore autophagy as a therapeutic target. In line with studies in mammalian models, research in zebrafish has shown that selective autophagy mediated by ubiquitin receptors, such as p62, is important for host resistance against several bacterial pathogens, including Shigella flexneri, Mycobacterium marinum, and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, an autophagy related process, Lc3-associated phagocytosis (LAP), proved host beneficial in the case of Salmonella Typhimurium infection but host detrimental in the case of S. aureus infection, where LAP delivers the pathogen to a replication niche. These studies provide valuable information for developing novel therapeutic strategies aimed at directing the autophagy machinery towards bacterial degradation.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
innate immunity; autophagy; LAP; Dram1; p62; Optn; Cyba; Rubcn; tuberculosis zebrafish
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Muñoz-Sánchez, S.; van der Vaart, M.; Meijer, A.H. Autophagy and Lc3-Associated Phagocytosis in Zebrafish Models of Bacterial Infections. Cells 2020, 9, 2372. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112372
AMA Style
Muñoz-Sánchez S, van der Vaart M, Meijer AH. Autophagy and Lc3-Associated Phagocytosis in Zebrafish Models of Bacterial Infections. Cells. 2020; 9(11):2372. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112372
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuñoz-Sánchez, Salomé, Michiel van der Vaart, and Annemarie H. Meijer. 2020. "Autophagy and Lc3-Associated Phagocytosis in Zebrafish Models of Bacterial Infections" Cells 9, no. 11: 2372. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells9112372
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
