Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activities of Melatonin in the Presence of Copper and Polyphenols In Vitro and In Vivo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Drugs
2.2. ROS Detection
2.3. Reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by Melatonin
2.4. Determination of Hydrogen Peroxide
2.5. Hydroxyl Radical Detection
2.6. Detection of DNA Damage
2.7. Animals and Treatments
2.8. Enzymatic Activity Assays
2.9. Copper Measurement
2.10. Western Blotting
2.11. RNA Isolation, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and qPCR
- Thbs1
- Sense: CCCCTACAACCACAACCCTGAC
- Antisense: ACTGATCTCCAACCCCATCCAT
- p21
- Sense: GACTTCTCCCATTTCTTAGTAGCAG
- Antisense: TGACACCCACGGTATTCAACAC
- Bax
- Sense: TGGAGATGAACTGGACAGCAATAT
- Antisense: GCAAAGTAGAAGAGGGCAACCAC
- β-actin
- Sense: GCTGAGAGGGAAATCGTGCGT
- Antisense: ACCGCTCGTTGCCAATAGTGA
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Melatonin, Copper and Quercetin Synergistically Produce ROS
3.2. Hydrogen Peroxide Plays an Important Role for Cooperative ROS Production by Melatonin, Copper and Polyphenols
3.3. DNA Inhibits Melatonin’s Action to Reduce Cu(II) into Cu(I)
3.4. Melatonin Inhibits Hydroxyl Radical Formed by High Concentrations of Copper/Quercetin or EGCG
3.5. Melatonin Inhibits DNA Damage Caused by Copper/Quercetin via Chelating Copper
3.6. Melatonin Attenuates the Synergistic Hepatoxicity Induced by EGCG and DEDTC
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, J.; Wang, X.; He, Y.; Jia, L.; Yang, C.S.; Reiter, R.J.; Zhang, J. Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activities of Melatonin in the Presence of Copper and Polyphenols In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells 2019, 8, 903. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080903
Wang J, Wang X, He Y, Jia L, Yang CS, Reiter RJ, Zhang J. Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activities of Melatonin in the Presence of Copper and Polyphenols In Vitro and In Vivo. Cells. 2019; 8(8):903. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080903
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Jiajia, Xiaoxiao Wang, Yufeng He, Lijie Jia, Chung S. Yang, Russel J. Reiter, and Jinsong Zhang. 2019. "Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activities of Melatonin in the Presence of Copper and Polyphenols In Vitro and In Vivo" Cells 8, no. 8: 903. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080903