Oligosaccharides Modulate Rotavirus-Associated Dysbiosis and TLR Gene Expression in Neonatal Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Clinical Evaluation and Sample Collection
2.4. Quantification of Gene Expression by Real-Time PCR
2.5. Analysis of Fecal Microbiota Composition by 16S rRNA Sequencing
2.6. Principal Components Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Assessment
3.2. Intestinal Toll-Like Receptors Expression
3.3. Fecal Microbiota Composition
3.3.1. Overall Diversity
3.3.2. Taxonomic Analysis
3.3.3. Venn Diagrams and Principal Components Analysis: Genera and Species
3.3.4. Assessment of Prebiotic Potential of Oligosaccharides
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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REF | RV | RV+scGOS/lcFOS | RV+2’-FL | RV+scGOS/lcFOS/2’-FL | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of sequences | 39248 ± 2944 | 38902 ± 982 | 41732 ± 1528 | 31028 ± 3510 | 36070 ± 1703 |
Number of OTUs | 103 ± 9 | 113 ± 12 | 124 ± 9 | 143 ± 39 | 104 ± 22 |
Shannon Index | 1.68 ± 0.08 | 1.61 ± 0.07 | 1.74 ± 0.05 | 1.92 ± 0.17 | 1.61 ± 0.04 |
CHAO1 Richness | 259.7 ± 50.2 | 285.0 ± 60.4 | 251.7 ± 7.9 | 263.0 ± 46.0 | 187.0 ± 46.5 |
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Azagra-Boronat, I.; Massot-Cladera, M.; Knipping, K.; van‘t Land, B.; Tims, S.; Stahl, B.; Knol, J.; Garssen, J.; Franch, À.; Castell, M.; et al. Oligosaccharides Modulate Rotavirus-Associated Dysbiosis and TLR Gene Expression in Neonatal Rats. Cells 2019, 8, 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080876
Azagra-Boronat I, Massot-Cladera M, Knipping K, van‘t Land B, Tims S, Stahl B, Knol J, Garssen J, Franch À, Castell M, et al. Oligosaccharides Modulate Rotavirus-Associated Dysbiosis and TLR Gene Expression in Neonatal Rats. Cells. 2019; 8(8):876. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080876
Chicago/Turabian StyleAzagra-Boronat, Ignasi, Malén Massot-Cladera, Karen Knipping, Belinda van‘t Land, Sebastian Tims, Bernd Stahl, Jan Knol, Johan Garssen, Àngels Franch, Margarida Castell, and et al. 2019. "Oligosaccharides Modulate Rotavirus-Associated Dysbiosis and TLR Gene Expression in Neonatal Rats" Cells 8, no. 8: 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells8080876