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Correction: Kim et al. Transcriptomic Analysis of Air–Liquid Interface Culture in Human Lung Organoids Reveals Regulators of Epithelial Differentiation. Cells 2024, 13, 1991
 
 
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Volume 15
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10.3390/cells15030257
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Retraction of Cells 2021, 10(10), 2719.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Ikram et al. Cycloastragenol, a Triterpenoid Saponin, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Neurotrophic Dysfunctions, Neuroinflammation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Cells 2021, 10, 2719

by
Muhammad Ikram
1,†,
Myeung Hoon Jo
1,†,
Kyonghwan Choe
2,†,
Amjad Khan
1,
Sareer Ahmad
1,
Kamran Saeed
1,
Min Woo Kim
1 and
Myeong Ok Kim
1,3,*
1
Division of Life Science and Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), College of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, 6211 LK Maastricht, The Netherlands
3
Alz-Dementia Korea Co., Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Cells 2026, 15(3), 257; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15030257
Submission received: 14 January 2026 / Accepted: 26 January 2026 / Published: 29 January 2026
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article titled “Cycloastragenol, a Triterpenoid Saponin, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Neurotrophic Dysfunctions, Neuroinflammation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Conditions” [1], cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the integrity of several images in this publication [1].
In accordance with standard journal procedures, the Editorial Office and Editorial Board conducted an investigation that confirmed inappropriate editing, partial overlap in Figures 2, 3 and 4 and partial duplication in Figures 2 and 3 of this publication [1] with content from earlier publications [2,3,4] by a similar group of authors presenting different experimental conditions. While the authors cooperated during the investigation, they were unable to satisfactorily explain the duplication or provide the original images that met the Editorial Board’s requirement.
As a result, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and has decided to retract this publication, as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Cells.
The authors have been informed of this retraction and have indicated their disagreement with this decision.

References

  1. Ikram, M.; Jo, M.H.; Choe, K.; Khan, A.; Ahmad, S.; Saeed, K.; Kim, M.W.; Kim, M.O. RETRACTED: Cycloastragenol, a Triterpenoid Saponin, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Neurotrophic Dysfunctions, Neuroinflammation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Cells 2021, 10, 2719. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  2. Ahmad, S.; Khan, A.; Ali, W.; Jo, M.H.; Park, J.; Ikram, M.; Kim, M.O. Fisetin Rescues the Mice Brains Against D-Galactose-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Memory Impairment. Front. Pharmacol. 2021, 12, 612078. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  3. Ikram, M.; Jo, M.G.; Park, T.J.; Kim, M.W.; Khan, I.; Jo, M.H.; Kim, M.O. Oral Administration of Gintonin Protects the Brains of Mice against Aβ-Induced Alzheimer Disease Pathology: Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. 2021, 2021, 6635552, Retraction in Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev. 2023, 2023, 9767412. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  4. Rehman, S.U.; Ikram, M.; Ullah, N.; Alam, S.I.; Park, H.Y.; Badshah, H.; Choe, K.; Ok Kim, M. Neurological Enhancement Effects of Melatonin against Brain Injury-Induced Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation, and Neurodegeneration via AMPK/CREB Signaling. Cells 2019, 8, 760. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ikram, M.; Jo, M.H.; Choe, K.; Khan, A.; Ahmad, S.; Saeed, K.; Kim, M.W.; Kim, M.O. RETRACTED: Ikram et al. Cycloastragenol, a Triterpenoid Saponin, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Neurotrophic Dysfunctions, Neuroinflammation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Cells 2021, 10, 2719. Cells 2026, 15, 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15030257

AMA Style

Ikram M, Jo MH, Choe K, Khan A, Ahmad S, Saeed K, Kim MW, Kim MO. RETRACTED: Ikram et al. Cycloastragenol, a Triterpenoid Saponin, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Neurotrophic Dysfunctions, Neuroinflammation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Cells 2021, 10, 2719. Cells. 2026; 15(3):257. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15030257

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ikram, Muhammad, Myeung Hoon Jo, Kyonghwan Choe, Amjad Khan, Sareer Ahmad, Kamran Saeed, Min Woo Kim, and Myeong Ok Kim. 2026. "RETRACTED: Ikram et al. Cycloastragenol, a Triterpenoid Saponin, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Neurotrophic Dysfunctions, Neuroinflammation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Cells 2021, 10, 2719" Cells 15, no. 3: 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15030257

APA Style

Ikram, M., Jo, M. H., Choe, K., Khan, A., Ahmad, S., Saeed, K., Kim, M. W., & Kim, M. O. (2026). RETRACTED: Ikram et al. Cycloastragenol, a Triterpenoid Saponin, Regulates Oxidative Stress, Neurotrophic Dysfunctions, Neuroinflammation and Apoptotic Cell Death in Neurodegenerative Conditions. Cells 2021, 10, 2719. Cells, 15(3), 257. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15030257

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