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Cells
Volume 15
Issue 13
10.3390/cells15131217
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Exosomes from IL-33-Stimulated Macrophages Regulate Epithelial Barrier Function to Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice

by
Shuang Liu
1,2,
Ye Cao
1,2,
Luhui Chen
1,
Qianying Nie
1,
Wanxia Liu
1,
Yu Zhao
1,
Baohong Yuan
1,
Tao Liu
1,
Ying Liu
1,* and
Hui Yin
1,*
1
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2
School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cells 2026, 15(13), 1217; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15131217
Submission received: 7 May 2026 / Revised: 22 June 2026 / Accepted: 26 June 2026 / Published: 3 July 2026
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Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a growing global health threat that markedly increases colorectal cancer risk, yet conventional immunosuppressive agents achieve mucosal healing in only a limited subset of patients. M2-polarized macrophages have been recognized as crucial regulators of mucosal repair through their ability to maintain intestinal microenvironment homeostasis. Here, we investigated the potential effects and mechanisms of macrophage-derived exosomes (Exos) on epithelial barrier function in a murine model of IBD. Murine colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), followed by treatment with Exos isolated from IL-33-treated macrophages (IL-33-Exos) or untreated macrophages (PBS-Exos). Our findings showed that IL-33-Exos markedly ameliorated inflammatory intestinal mucosal injury and improved intestinal barrier dysfunction. Concurrently, IL-33-Exos mitigated intestinal epithelial cell damage, thereby preserving intestinal mucosal integrity. Mechanistic studies revealed that the beneficial effects of IL-33-Exos were implicated in upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. Translationally, these findings suggest that IL-33-Exos may promote epithelial repair in experimental colitis, offering a novel therapeutic avenue for clinical management of inflammatory bowel disease.
Keywords: exosomes; Interleukin-33; inflammatory bowel disease; Wnt/β-catenin; macrophage exosomes; Interleukin-33; inflammatory bowel disease; Wnt/β-catenin; macrophage
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MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, S.; Cao, Y.; Chen, L.; Nie, Q.; Liu, W.; Zhao, Y.; Yuan, B.; Liu, T.; Liu, Y.; Yin, H. Exosomes from IL-33-Stimulated Macrophages Regulate Epithelial Barrier Function to Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Cells 2026, 15, 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15131217

AMA Style

Liu S, Cao Y, Chen L, Nie Q, Liu W, Zhao Y, Yuan B, Liu T, Liu Y, Yin H. Exosomes from IL-33-Stimulated Macrophages Regulate Epithelial Barrier Function to Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Cells. 2026; 15(13):1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15131217

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Shuang, Ye Cao, Luhui Chen, Qianying Nie, Wanxia Liu, Yu Zhao, Baohong Yuan, Tao Liu, Ying Liu, and Hui Yin. 2026. "Exosomes from IL-33-Stimulated Macrophages Regulate Epithelial Barrier Function to Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice" Cells 15, no. 13: 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15131217

APA Style

Liu, S., Cao, Y., Chen, L., Nie, Q., Liu, W., Zhao, Y., Yuan, B., Liu, T., Liu, Y., & Yin, H. (2026). Exosomes from IL-33-Stimulated Macrophages Regulate Epithelial Barrier Function to Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice. Cells, 15(13), 1217. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15131217

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