The Role of MicroRNA in the Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) describes a condition associated with elevated serum creatinine levels and decreased glomerular filtration rate. AKI can develop as a result of sepsis, the nephrotoxic properties of several drugs, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Renal damage can be associated with metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and ionic disorders. As the molecular background of the pathogenesis of AKI is insufficiently understood, more studies are needed to identify the key signaling pathways and molecules involved in the progression of AKI. Consequently, future treatment methods may be able to restore organ function more rapidly and prevent progression to chronic kidney disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small molecules that belong to the non-coding RNA family. Recently, numerous studies have demonstrated the altered expression profile of miRNAs in various diseases, including inflammatory and neoplastic conditions. As miRNAs are major regulators of gene expression, their dysregulation is associated with impaired homeostasis and cellular behavior. The aim of this article is to discuss current evidence on the involvement of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of AKI.