Choline Supplementation Alters Hippocampal Cytokine Levels in Adolescence and Adulthood in an Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Developmental Ethanol Exposure
2.4. Choline Supplementation
2.5. Tissue Collection
2.6. Tissue Homogenization
2.7. Protein Measurements
2.8. Cytokine Measurements
2.9. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Overall Cytokine Profiles
3.2. Cytokine Levels
3.3. Change in Cytokine Levels across Age
3.4. Balance of Pro-Inflammatory to Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines across Development
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baker, J.A.; Bodnar, T.S.; Breit, K.R.; Weinberg, J.; Thomas, J.D. Choline Supplementation Alters Hippocampal Cytokine Levels in Adolescence and Adulthood in an Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Cells 2023, 12, 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040546
Baker JA, Bodnar TS, Breit KR, Weinberg J, Thomas JD. Choline Supplementation Alters Hippocampal Cytokine Levels in Adolescence and Adulthood in an Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Cells. 2023; 12(4):546. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040546
Chicago/Turabian StyleBaker, Jessica A., Tamara S. Bodnar, Kristen R. Breit, Joanne Weinberg, and Jennifer D. Thomas. 2023. "Choline Supplementation Alters Hippocampal Cytokine Levels in Adolescence and Adulthood in an Animal Model of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders" Cells 12, no. 4: 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells12040546