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Article

Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Activates Host Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2-, panH1N1 (A/California/07/2009)-, and H7N9 (A/Shanghai/1/2013)-Infected Cells

by
Minghui Yang
1,†,
Jin Li
2,†,
Shoulong Deng
3,†,
Hao Fan
4,
Yun Peng
1,
Guoguo Ye
1,
Jun Wang
1,
Jinli Wei
1,
Xiao Jiang
1,
Zhixiang Xu
1,
Ling Qing
1,
Fuxiang Wang
1,
Yang Yang
1,* and
Yingxia Liu
1,*
1
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China
2
School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518406, China
3
NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
4
Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Cells 2022, 11(3), 487; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030487
Submission received: 16 November 2021 / Revised: 16 January 2022 / Accepted: 27 January 2022 / Published: 30 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autophagy in COVID-19 and/or Autoimmune Diseases)
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Abstract

The global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing, as is research on the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular infection by coronaviruses, with the hope of developing therapeutic agents against this pandemic. Other important respiratory viruses such as 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV), influenza A viruses, are also responsible for a possible outbreak due to their respiratory susceptibility. However, the interaction of these viruses with host cells and the regulation of post-transcriptional genes remains unclear. In this study, we detected and analyzed the comparative transcriptome profiling of SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1 (A/California/07/2009), and H7N9 (A/Shanghai/1/2013) infected cells. The results showed that the commonly upregulated genes among the three groups were mainly involved in autophagy, pertussis, and tuberculosis, which indicated that autophagy plays an important role in viral pathogenicity. There are three groups of commonly downregulated genes involved in metabolic pathways. Notably, unlike panH1N1 and H7N9, SARS-CoV-2 infection can inhibit the m-TOR pathway and activate the p53 signaling pathway, which may be responsible for unique autophagy induction and cell apoptosis. Particularly, upregulated expression of IRF1 was found in SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1, and H7N9 infection. Further analysis showed SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1, and H7N9 infection-induced upregulation of lncRNA-34087.27 could serve as a competitive endogenous RNA to stabilize IRF1 mRNA by competitively binding with miR-302b-3p. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; IRF1; influenza A; autophagy; noncoding RNA SARS-CoV-2; IRF1; influenza A; autophagy; noncoding RNA

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, M.; Li, J.; Deng, S.; Fan, H.; Peng, Y.; Ye, G.; Wang, J.; Wei, J.; Jiang, X.; Xu, Z.; et al. Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Activates Host Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2-, panH1N1 (A/California/07/2009)-, and H7N9 (A/Shanghai/1/2013)-Infected Cells. Cells 2022, 11, 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030487

AMA Style

Yang M, Li J, Deng S, Fan H, Peng Y, Ye G, Wang J, Wei J, Jiang X, Xu Z, et al. Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Activates Host Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2-, panH1N1 (A/California/07/2009)-, and H7N9 (A/Shanghai/1/2013)-Infected Cells. Cells. 2022; 11(3):487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030487

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Minghui, Jin Li, Shoulong Deng, Hao Fan, Yun Peng, Guoguo Ye, Jun Wang, Jinli Wei, Xiao Jiang, Zhixiang Xu, and et al. 2022. "Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Activates Host Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2-, panH1N1 (A/California/07/2009)-, and H7N9 (A/Shanghai/1/2013)-Infected Cells" Cells 11, no. 3: 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030487

APA Style

Yang, M., Li, J., Deng, S., Fan, H., Peng, Y., Ye, G., Wang, J., Wei, J., Jiang, X., Xu, Z., Qing, L., Wang, F., Yang, Y., & Liu, Y. (2022). Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Activates Host Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2-, panH1N1 (A/California/07/2009)-, and H7N9 (A/Shanghai/1/2013)-Infected Cells. Cells, 11(3), 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11030487

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