Reovirus Activated Cell Death Pathways
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. ReoV Structure, Genome, and Replication
3. ReoV and Innate Immunity
4. ReoV-Induced Non-Necroptotic Cell Death Pathways
4.1. Apoptosis
4.2. Autophagy
4.3. Pyroptosis
5. ReoV and Necroptosis
6. Implications for ReoV Oncolysis
7. Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Encoded Protein | Genome Segment | Role in Viral Life Cycle | Role in the Immune Response | Location | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
λ3 | L1 | RNA-dependent RNA polymerase | Unknown | inner capsid | [27] |
λ2 | L2 | Capping (methyltransferase and guanylyltransferase activity) Forms interactions with β1 integrin on host cell Forms a channel for the export of viral RNA | Unknown | inner capsid | [41,51] |
λ1 | L3 | Possible helicase/NTPase Forms the viral core | Unknown | inner capsid | [52] |
μ2 | M1 | RNA binding NTPase RNA triphosphatase Associates with host microtubules to aid in viral factory formation | Inhibits interferon signaling | inner capsid | [24,53,54,55] |
μ1 (cleaved into μ1C and μ1N) | M2 | Forms pores in endosomes | Induces apoptosis | outer capsid | [56,57] |
μNS + μNSC | M3 | Forms viral factories Provides scaffolding for progeny core assembly | Imhibits IRF3 signaling | non-structural | [26,55] |
σ1 + σ1s | S1 | σ1 binds to host cell receptor such as JAM-A Glycosidase | σ1 binds host cell σ1s can induce cell cycle arrest | σ1 = outer capsid σ1s = non-structural | [55,58,59,60] |
σ2 | S2 | Interacts with λ1 to form the viral core dsRNA binding | Unknown | inner capsid | [28,45,61] |
σNS | S4 | RNA binding Viral factory formation May be involved in genome packaging | Unknown | non-structrual | [31,62,63] |
σ3 | S3 | dsRNA binding May mediate binding to NgR1 | Blocks PKR Blocks RLR signaling Binds µ1 to attenuate apoptosis | outer capsid | [37,64,65] |
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DeAntoneo, C.; Danthi, P.; Balachandran, S. Reovirus Activated Cell Death Pathways. Cells 2022, 11, 1757. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111757
DeAntoneo C, Danthi P, Balachandran S. Reovirus Activated Cell Death Pathways. Cells. 2022; 11(11):1757. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111757
Chicago/Turabian StyleDeAntoneo, Carly, Pranav Danthi, and Siddharth Balachandran. 2022. "Reovirus Activated Cell Death Pathways" Cells 11, no. 11: 1757. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells11111757