Evolution of a Multiple Sex-Chromosome System by Three-Sequential Translocations among Potential Sex-Chromosomes in the Taiwanese Frog Odorrana swinhoana
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Frogs
2.2. Chromosome Preparation and Banding Techniques
2.3. Microdissection and Chromosome Painting Probes Preparation
2.4. Telomere Mapping
2.5. Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH)
3. Results
3.1. Three Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes in Males
3.2. A Hexavalent Ring at Male Meiosis
3.3. Direct Proof of the Chromosome Members Involved in Three Translocations
3.4. No Male DNA Specialization on the Three Y Chromosomes
3.5. Population Variation in the Sex-Chromosome System
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Miura, I.; Shams, F.; Lin, S.-M.; de Bello Cioffi, M.; Liehr, T.; Al-Rikabi, A.; Kuwana, C.; Srikulnath, K.; Higaki, Y.; Ezaz, T. Evolution of a Multiple Sex-Chromosome System by Three-Sequential Translocations among Potential Sex-Chromosomes in the Taiwanese Frog Odorrana swinhoana. Cells 2021, 10, 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030661
Miura I, Shams F, Lin S-M, de Bello Cioffi M, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi A, Kuwana C, Srikulnath K, Higaki Y, Ezaz T. Evolution of a Multiple Sex-Chromosome System by Three-Sequential Translocations among Potential Sex-Chromosomes in the Taiwanese Frog Odorrana swinhoana. Cells. 2021; 10(3):661. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030661
Chicago/Turabian StyleMiura, Ikuo, Foyez Shams, Si-Min Lin, Marcelo de Bello Cioffi, Thomas Liehr, Ahmed Al-Rikabi, Chiao Kuwana, Kornsorn Srikulnath, Yuya Higaki, and Tariq Ezaz. 2021. "Evolution of a Multiple Sex-Chromosome System by Three-Sequential Translocations among Potential Sex-Chromosomes in the Taiwanese Frog Odorrana swinhoana" Cells 10, no. 3: 661. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10030661