Vaccines against COVID-19: Priority to mRNA-Based Formulations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Are All Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines Similar in Their Safety and Efficacy Profile?
3. Anti-COVID-19 Vaccines
- Vaccines based on ivt mRNA developed primarily in Europe and the U.S. by BioNTech/Pfizer and Moderna;
- Vaccines based on recombinant deficient adenoviruses optimized and produced in different countries and by companies including AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson/Janssen, and CanSino;
- Protein-based vaccines mostly advanced in the U.S. and Russia;
- Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 viruses developed mostly in China and India;
- A DNA vaccine only approved in India.
4. Protein-Based Vaccines
5. Adenovirus-Based Vaccines
6. Nonreplicating ivt mRNA Vaccines
7. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Design | Upscaling | Re-Using Established GMP Conditions | Theoretical Safety Concerns | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Recombinant viral vector (adenovirus) | Not easy | To be optimized | Not guaranteed | Recombination/persistence/integration |
ivt mRNA | Easy | Easy | Guaranteed | None |
Proteins/ sugars | Not easy | To be optimized | Not guaranteed | None |
Inactivated viruses | Easy | To be optimized | Not guaranteed | None |
Platform | Company | Spike * | Efficacy (January 2020 SARS-CoV-2) | Efficacy (Beta Variant &) | Dosing | Theoretical Concerns |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Purified protein | Novavax # | PP | 95% | Reduced | 5 μg 2× with 3-week interval | Induction of immunity against contaminants |
Sanofi-GSK # | PP | Not yet known | Not yet known | Undisclosed | ||
Recombinant adenovirus | AstraZeneca | WT | Between 62% and 90% | Strongly reduced | ca. 2 μg 2× with 4-week interval | Recombination Integration in genome |
J&J/Janssen | PP | 72% | Not reduced | ca. 2 μg once | ||
ivt mRNA | BioNTech /Pfizer | PP | 95% | Slightly reduced | 30 μg 2× with 3-week interval | None |
CureVac # | PP | 47% * | Not yet known | 12 μg 2× with 4-week interval | ||
Moderna | PP | 94.1% | Slightly reduced | 100 μg 2× with 4-week interval |
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Pascolo, S. Vaccines against COVID-19: Priority to mRNA-Based Formulations. Cells 2021, 10, 2716. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102716
Pascolo S. Vaccines against COVID-19: Priority to mRNA-Based Formulations. Cells. 2021; 10(10):2716. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102716
Chicago/Turabian StylePascolo, Steve. 2021. "Vaccines against COVID-19: Priority to mRNA-Based Formulations" Cells 10, no. 10: 2716. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102716
APA StylePascolo, S. (2021). Vaccines against COVID-19: Priority to mRNA-Based Formulations. Cells, 10(10), 2716. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10102716