Wild Vigna Legumes: Farmers’ Perceptions, Preferences, and Prospective Uses for Human Exploitation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study I: Explorative Survey
2.2. Study II: Farmers’ Preferences and Perceptions of Wild Vigna Legumes
2.2.1. Sample Collection
2.2.2. Experimental Design and Study Site
2.2.3. Participants and Data Collection
2.2.4. Focus Group Discussion
2.3. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study I
3.1.1. Sociodemographic Characteristics of Participants
3.1.2. Prior Knowledge/Awareness about Wild Legumes
3.1.3. Prior Uses of Wild Legumes
3.1.4. Challenges Faced by Legume Farmers
3.2. Study II
3.2.1. Farmers’ Preferred Accessions of Wild Vigna Legumes
3.2.2. Prospective Uses of Farmers’ Preferred Accessions of Wild Vigna Legumes
3.2.3. Farmers’ Perception of Wild Vigna Legumes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
S/N | Accession Number | Species Name | Genebank |
---|---|---|---|
1 | TVNu-313 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
2 | TVNu-557 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
3 | TVNu-1186 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
4 | TVNu-375 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
5 | TVNu-1212 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
6 | TVNu-1792 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
7 | TVNu-947 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
8 | TVNu-1679 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
9 | TVNu-1840 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
10 | TVNu-219 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
11 | TVNu-720 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
12 | TVNu-877 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
13 | TVNu-706 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
14 | TVNu-216 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
15 | TVNu-722 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
16 | TVNu-1631 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
17 | TVNu-1677 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
18 | TVNu-1791 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
19 | TVNu-765 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
20 | TVNu-1843 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
21 | TVNu-629 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
22 | TVNu-452 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
23 | TVNu-1185 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
24 | TVNu-342 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
25 | TVNu-1125 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
26 | TVNu-1678 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
27 | TVNu-223 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
28 | TVNu-1644 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
29 | TVNu-1781 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
30 | TVNu-1851 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
31 | TVNu-1069 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
32 | TVNu-456 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
33 | TVNu-148 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
34 | TVNu-3 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
35 | TVNu-1827 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
36 | TVNu-1691 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
37 | TVNu-1804 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
38 | TVNu-1699 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
39 | TVNu-1184 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
40 | TVNu-374 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
41 | TVNu-1150 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
42 | TVNu-1213 | Vigna ambacensis | GRC, IITA |
43 | AGG52867WVIG 1 | Vigna racemosa | AGG |
44 | AGG51603WVIG 1 | Vigna racemosa | AGG |
45 | AGG53597WVIG 1 | Vigna racemosa | AGG |
46 | AGG60436WVIG 1 | Vigna racemosa | AGG |
47 | Unknown Vigna racemosa | Vigna racemosa | Self-collected |
48 | AGG60441WVIG 1 | Vigna reticulata | AGG |
49 | AGG17856WVIG 1 | Vigna reticulata | AGG |
50 | AGG118137WVIG 1 | Vigna reticulata | AGG |
51 | TVNu-259 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
52 | TVNu-302 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
53 | TVNu-161 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
54 | TVNu-1790 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
55 | TVNu-138 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
56 | TVNu-604 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
57 | TVNu-1112 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
58 | TVNu-312 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
59 | TVNu-224 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
60 | TVNu-1394 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
61 | TVNu-995 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
62 | TVNu-1405 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
63 | TVNu-1522 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
64 | TVNu-379 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
65 | TVNu-609 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
66 | TVNu-1191 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
67 | TVNu-766 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
68 | TVNu-343 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
69 | TVNu-349 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
70 | TVNu-916 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
71 | TVNu-758 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
72 | TVNu-491 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
73 | TVNu-767 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
74 | TVNu-608 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
75 | TVNu-1808 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
76 | TVNu-1825 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
77 | TVNu-1852 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
78 | TVNu-1698 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
79 | TVNu-932 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
80 | TVNu-450 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
81 | TVNu-524 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
82 | TVNu-605 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
83 | TVNu-1156 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
84 | TVNu-607 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
85 | TVNu-1779 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
86 | TVNu-325 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
87 | TVNu-324 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
88 | TVNu-57 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
89 | TVNu-56 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
90 | TVNu-1520 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
91 | TVNu-602 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
92 | TVNu-1388 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
93 | TVNu-141 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
94 | TVNu-738 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
95 | TVNu-739 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
96 | TVNu-350 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
97 | TVNu-142 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
98 | TVNu-1805 | Vigna reticulata | GRC, IITA |
99 | Unknown Vigna reticulata | Vigna reticulata | Self-collected |
100 | AGG308102WVIG 3 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
101 | AGG308105WVIG 2 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
102 | AGG308098WVIG 2 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
103 | AGG16683WVIG 5 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
104 | AGG308099WVIG 2 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
105 | AGG308097WVIG 1 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
106 | AGG308101WVIG 1 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
107 | AGG308100WVIG 3 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
108 | AGG58678WVIG 2 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
109 | AGG308103WVIG 3 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
110 | AGG308107WVIG 2 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
111 | AGG308096 WVIG 2 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
112 | AGG62154WVIG 1 | Vigna vexillata | AGG |
113 | TVNu-1098 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
114 | TVNu-1629 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
115 | TVNu-1718 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
116 | TVNu-1590 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
117 | TVNu-1378 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
118 | TVNu-120 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
119 | TVNu-178 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
120 | TVNu-1796 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
121 | TVNu-1529 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
122 | TVNu-1092 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
123 | TVNu-1546 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
124 | TVNu-1370 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
125 | TVNu-1626 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
126 | TVNu-1358 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
127 | TVNu-1624 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
128 | TVNu-1585 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
129 | TVNu-1617 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
130 | TVNu-1621 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
131 | TVNu-479 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
132 | TVNu-1344 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
133 | TVNu-1628 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
134 | TVNu-381 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
135 | TVNu-792 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
136 | TVNu-1586 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
137 | TVNu-1582 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
138 | TVNu-293 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
139 | TVNu-1359 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
140 | TVNu-955 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
141 | TVNu-1591 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
142 | TVNu-1701 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
143 | TVNu-1443 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
144 | TVNu-832 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
145 | TVNu-1121 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
146 | TVNu-636 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
147 | TVNu-1476 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
148 | TVNu-1748 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
149 | TVNu-781 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
150 | TVNu-969 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
151 | TVNu-1592 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
152 | TVNu-1632 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
153 | TVNu-333 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
154 | TVNu-1360 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
155 | TVNu-1594 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
156 | TVNu-1369 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
157 | TVNu-593 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
158 | TVNu-1593 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
159 | TVNu-837 | Vigna vexillata | GRC, IITA |
160 | Unknown | Vigna | Self-collected, NM-AIST, Tanzania |
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Vigna Species | Genebank/ Number of Accession | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
GRC, IITAIbadan, Nigeria | AGGHorsham, Victoria | Self-Collected | ||
Vigna racemosa | - | 4 | - | 4 |
Vigna reticulata | 48 | 3 | - | 51 |
Vigna vexillata | 47 | 13 | - | 60 |
Vigna ambacensis | 42 | 0 | - | 42 |
Unknown V. racemosa accession (Nigeria) | - | - | 1 | 1 |
Unknown V. reticulata Accession (Nigeria) | - | - | 1 | 1 |
Unknown Vigna (Tanzania) | - | - | 1 | 1 |
Total | 137 | 20 | 3 | 160 |
Variables in the Equation | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
B | S.E. | Wald | df | Sig. | Exp(B) | 95% C.I. for EXP(B) | |||
Lower | Upper | ||||||||
Step 1 a | Gender (1) | 0.303 | 0.431 | 0.495 | 1 | 0.482 | 1.354 | 0.582 | 3.153 |
Age | 7.061 | 6 | 0.315 | ||||||
Age (1) | 2.982 | 1.471 | 4.113 | 1 | 0.043 | 19.732 | 1.105 | 352.281 | |
Age (2) | 1.162 | 1.010 | 1.325 | 1 | 0.250 | 3.197 | 0.442 | 23.123 | |
Age (3) | 1.755 | 1.124 | 2.440 | 1 | 0.118 | 5.786 | 0.639 | 52.342 | |
Age (4) | 1.154 | 0.876 | 1.733 | 1 | 0.188 | 3.171 | 0.569 | 17.668 | |
Age (5) | 1.010 | 0.798 | 1.601 | 1 | 0.206 | 2.745 | 0.575 | 13.111 | |
Age (6) | −0.255 | 0.622 | 0.168 | 1 | 0.681 | 0.775 | 0.229 | 2.620 | |
Education_Level | 3.962 | 4 | 0.411 | ||||||
Level (1) | 1.817 | 1.269 | 2.049 | 1 | 0.152 | 6.155 | 0.511 | 74.087 | |
Level (2) | 2.334 | 1.285 | 3.299 | 1 | 0.069 | 10.316 | 0.831 | 127.995 | |
Level (3) | 1.694 | 1.763 | 0.923 | 1 | 0.337 | 5.439 | 0.172 | 172.291 | |
Level (4) | 1.407 | 1.504 | 0.876 | 1 | 0.349 | 4.084 | 0.214 | 77.805 | |
Research_Site (1) | 1.687 | 0.537 | 9.884 | 1 | 0.002 | 5.402 | 1.887 | 15.460 | |
Farming_Experience | 5.462 | 7 | 0.604 | ||||||
Experience (1) | −1.005 | 1.216 | 0.683 | 1 | 0.408 | 0.366 | 0.034 | 3.966 | |
Experience (2) | −1.245 | 1.118 | 1.242 | 1 | 0.265 | 0.288 | 0.032 | 2.573 | |
_Experience (3) | −1.222 | 1.022 | 1.430 | 1 | 0.232 | 0.295 | 0.040 | 2.183 | |
_Experience (4) | 0.121 | 0.873 | 0.019 | 1 | 0.890 | 1.129 | 0.204 | 6.248 | |
_Experience (5) | 0.409 | 1.025 | 0.159 | 1 | 0.690 | 1.505 | 0.202 | 11.216 | |
_Experience (6) | −0.559 | 0.998 | 0.313 | 1 | 0.576 | 0.572 | 0.081 | 4.046 | |
_Experience (7) | 21.259 | 194,50.255 | 0.000 | 1 | 0.999 | 1,708,644,034.887 | 0.000 | . | |
Constant | −2.586 | 1.058 | 5.975 | 1 | 0.015 | 0.075 |
Percentage (%) | Livestock Feed | Human Food | Soil Fertility Ingredient | Traditional Botanical Pesticides | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants in a mid-altitude agro-ecological zone | 28 | 12 Animal feed = ‘Chakula cha mifugo’, ‘chakula cha ng’ombe’ | 16 Human food = ‘Chakula cha binadamu’, Vegetable = ‘Mboga’ | 0 | 0 |
Participants in a high-altitude agro-ecological zone | 26 | 4 Animal feed = ‘Chakula cha mifugo’, ‘chakula cha ng’ombe’ | 4 Human food = ‘chakula cha binadamu’ Vegetable = ‘Mboga’. | 14 Rattlepod (Crotalaria ochroleuca) = ‘Marejea’ used as fertilizer = ‘mbolea’, Nourish the soil = ‘Hurutubisha ardhi’, Cover crop = ‘Kutandaza shambani’ | 4 Pesticide = ‘kunyunyuzia shambani’, ‘kutengeza dawa ya kunyunyuzia shambani’ |
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Harouna, D.V.; Venkataramana, P.B.; Matemu, A.O.; Ndakidemi, P.A. Wild Vigna Legumes: Farmers’ Perceptions, Preferences, and Prospective Uses for Human Exploitation. Agronomy 2019, 9, 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060284
Harouna DV, Venkataramana PB, Matemu AO, Ndakidemi PA. Wild Vigna Legumes: Farmers’ Perceptions, Preferences, and Prospective Uses for Human Exploitation. Agronomy. 2019; 9(6):284. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060284
Chicago/Turabian StyleHarouna, Difo Voukang, Pavithravani B. Venkataramana, Athanasia O. Matemu, and Patrick Alois Ndakidemi. 2019. "Wild Vigna Legumes: Farmers’ Perceptions, Preferences, and Prospective Uses for Human Exploitation" Agronomy 9, no. 6: 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9060284