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Agronomy
Volume 15
Issue 12
10.3390/agronomy15122673
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Antimicrobial and Herbicidal Secondary Metabolites from Insect-Associated Fungus Leptosphaeria sp. FZN28 in Mecopoda elongata

by
Yu Li
1,2,
Chuan Ping
1,2,
Michi Yao
1,2,
Liyifan Chen
1,2,
Shuqi Su
1,2,
Qi Zhu
1,2,
Bo He
1,2,
Yonghao Ye
1,2 and
Wei Yan
1,2,*
1
The Sanya Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sanya 57200, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2025, 15(12), 2673; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122673
Submission received: 12 October 2025 / Revised: 15 November 2025 / Accepted: 19 November 2025 / Published: 21 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Topic Natural Products in Crop Pest Management)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

The global food security faces significant threats from phytopathogenic microbes and weeds. In this study, seven secondary metabolites (1–7) were isolated from the insect-associated fungus Leptosphaeria sp. FZN28 in Mecopoda elongata. Their structures were elucidated through a combination of spectroscopic analyses. In bioactive assays, peniciphenalenin E (1) exhibited great antimicrobial activities against Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC50 values of 8.8 and 10.8 μg/mL, respectively. Scleroderolide (2) demonstrated EC50 values of 20.4 and 14.8 μg/mL against the same strains, respectively. Notably, as seen with in vitro assays, 100 μg/mL of 1 could effectively prevent infection of P. capsici with a protection efficacy of 69.1%, and compounds 1 and 2 at a concentration of 200 μg/mL could greatly inhibit disease development in S. sclerotiorum-infected cole leaves with inhibitory efficacies of 66.9% and 61.0%, respectively. Moreover, the two compounds could also affect the hyphal morphology of S. sclerotiorum and P. capsici via scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. Additionally, compounds 1 and 2 at a concentration of 200 μg/mL could significantly inhibit the radicle growth and germ elongation of monocotyledon weed and dicotyledon weed, Echinochloa crusgalli and Eclipta prostrata. Considering their antimicrobial and herbicidal activities, compounds 1 and 2 showed promise for the development of new bio-pesticides.
Keywords: Leptosphaeria sp. FZN28; secondary metabolites; antimicrobial activity; herbicidal activity Leptosphaeria sp. FZN28; secondary metabolites; antimicrobial activity; herbicidal activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Y.; Ping, C.; Yao, M.; Chen, L.; Su, S.; Zhu, Q.; He, B.; Ye, Y.; Yan, W. Antimicrobial and Herbicidal Secondary Metabolites from Insect-Associated Fungus Leptosphaeria sp. FZN28 in Mecopoda elongata. Agronomy 2025, 15, 2673. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122673

AMA Style

Li Y, Ping C, Yao M, Chen L, Su S, Zhu Q, He B, Ye Y, Yan W. Antimicrobial and Herbicidal Secondary Metabolites from Insect-Associated Fungus Leptosphaeria sp. FZN28 in Mecopoda elongata. Agronomy. 2025; 15(12):2673. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122673

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Yu, Chuan Ping, Michi Yao, Liyifan Chen, Shuqi Su, Qi Zhu, Bo He, Yonghao Ye, and Wei Yan. 2025. "Antimicrobial and Herbicidal Secondary Metabolites from Insect-Associated Fungus Leptosphaeria sp. FZN28 in Mecopoda elongata" Agronomy 15, no. 12: 2673. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122673

APA Style

Li, Y., Ping, C., Yao, M., Chen, L., Su, S., Zhu, Q., He, B., Ye, Y., & Yan, W. (2025). Antimicrobial and Herbicidal Secondary Metabolites from Insect-Associated Fungus Leptosphaeria sp. FZN28 in Mecopoda elongata. Agronomy, 15(12), 2673. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15122673

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