Remote Sensing-Based Evaluation of Heat Stress Damage on Paddy Rice Using NDVI and PRI Measured at Leaf and Canopy Scales
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Facility and Cultivation of Paddy Rice
2.2. Remote Sensing Data
2.2.1. Leaf-Spectrometer
2.2.2. Field-Spectrometer
2.2.3. Multi-Spectral Camera
2.3. Relative Change in Vegetation Index after Heading
2.4. Meteorological Characteristics
3. Results
3.1. Response of Paddy Rice under Elevated Air Temperature
3.2. Time Series of NDVI and PRI at Leaf Scale
3.3. Time Series of NDVI and PRI at Canopy Scale
3.4. NDVI Captured by a Multi-Spectral Camera
3.5. Characteristics of NDVI and PRI after the Heading Stage
3.6. Estimation of Ripening Ratio of Paddy Rice
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The changing trend of the vegetation indices are dependent on the degree of heat stress after the heading stage at the leaf and canopy scales. Vegetation indices of NDVI and PRI decrease under normal conditions after the heading stage due to leaf senescence; however, the decreased degree of vegetation indices is minimal under extremely high air temperatures.
- (2)
- The spectral reflectance at the red wavelength causes different NDVI trends after the heading stage. The changing degree of the spectral reflectance at the red wavelength at the positions exposed to the heatwave is lower than that under normal conditions.
- (3)
- The PRI, which uses visible wavelengths, decreases after the heading stage regardless of the damage of heat stress. However, the decreasing degree at AT+3 °C is lower than that at AT, similar to the NDVI.
- (4)
- The low spectral reflectance value at the red wavelength indicates that paddy rice maintains a high chlorophyll content, as the translocation of assimilates from the stems (leaf sheath and culms) to the panicle does not occur due to spikelet sterility.
- (5)
- The vegetation index reflects the conditions of paddy rice caused by heat stress, and the relative change in the vegetation index after the heading stage exhibits a significant sigmoid relation with the ripening ratio affected by the spikelet sterility of paddy rice.
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Optical Devices | Years | Number of Observation Positions |
---|---|---|
Leaf-spectrometer | 2018 | 2 |
Field-spectrometer | 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 | 10, 12, 16, 6 |
Multi-spectral camera | 2018 | 4 |
Input Variables | R-Square | RMSE (%) | Equation |
---|---|---|---|
Air temperature | 0.961 | 7.180 | Y = 88.933/(1 + exp(−(X − 27.244)/−0.330)) − 1.225 if (Y > 0, Y, 0) |
(1−rsPRI)/(1−rNDVI) | 0.922 | 10.162 | Y = 83.414/(1 + exp(−(X − 3.809)/−0.636)) + 8.066, if (rNDVI < 0.99, rNDVI, 0.99) |
rNDVI | 0.954 | 7.820 | Y = 97.317/(1 + exp(−(X − 0.900)/−0.044)) − 7.462 if (Y > 0, Y, 0) |
rsPRI | 0.943 | 8.640 | Y = 91.386/(1 + exp(−(X − 0.608)/−0.043)) − 1.515, if (Y > 0, Y, 0) |
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Ryu, J.-H.; Oh, D.; Ko, J.; Kim, H.-Y.; Yeom, J.-M.; Cho, J. Remote Sensing-Based Evaluation of Heat Stress Damage on Paddy Rice Using NDVI and PRI Measured at Leaf and Canopy Scales. Agronomy 2022, 12, 1972. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081972
Ryu J-H, Oh D, Ko J, Kim H-Y, Yeom J-M, Cho J. Remote Sensing-Based Evaluation of Heat Stress Damage on Paddy Rice Using NDVI and PRI Measured at Leaf and Canopy Scales. Agronomy. 2022; 12(8):1972. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081972
Chicago/Turabian StyleRyu, Jae-Hyun, Dohyeok Oh, Jonghan Ko, Han-Yong Kim, Jong-Min Yeom, and Jaeil Cho. 2022. "Remote Sensing-Based Evaluation of Heat Stress Damage on Paddy Rice Using NDVI and PRI Measured at Leaf and Canopy Scales" Agronomy 12, no. 8: 1972. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081972