Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Regions
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Fertiliser Specification
2.4. Data Processing
2.5. Analysis of Variance
3. Results
3.1. Two Indicators: Frequency and Amount of P Used
3.2. Temporal Trends in Frequency of P Fertiliser Use
3.3. Temporal Trends in the Amount of P Fertiliser Use
4. Discussion
4.1. Data Aquistion
4.2. Insight into On-Farm P Fertiliser Use from the Two Indicators
4.3. Temporal Changes Were Negligible
4.4. Implications for Improving the Acquisition of Data on P Fertiliser Use
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Frequency (%) | Amount (kg ha−1) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Region | Area (ha) | P total | sd | P Organic | sd | P Mineral | sd | P Total | sd | P Organic | sd | P Mineral | sd |
Diepholz | 10,672.8 | 93.1 | 13.1 | 91.3 | 15.5 | 48.5 | 24.3 | 37.8 | 11.7 | 27.4 | 8.9 | 21.0 | 10.6 |
Uelzen | 16,156.2 | 77.0 | 19.2 | 33.9 | 23.9 | 62.0 | 26.7 | 41.6 | 13.5 | 27.7 | 13.7 | 35.6 | 12.8 |
Rostock | 107,181.9 | 84.8 | 22.9 | 32.2 | 37.1 | 71.7 | 29.9 | 25.7 | 8.6 | 24.8 | 16.1 | 21.1 | 10.7 |
Fläming | 143,141.2 | 60.2 | 29.2 | 45.7 | 25.2 | 21.8 | 30.4 | 24.8 | 8.2 | 23.1 | 8.7 | 17.7 | 8.1 |
Oder-Spree | 98,604.7 | 55.9 | 28.1 | 47.9 | 27.3 | 23.2 | 24.0 | 25.0 | 12.6 | 23.7 | 13.8 | 12.3 | 7.3 |
Appendix B
Region | Year | Area | Untreated | sd | s | Min + Org | sd | s | Min + Org Mean | sd | Only Org | sd | s | Only Org Mean | sd | Only Min | sd | s | Only Min Mean | sd |
(ha) | (%) | (%) | (kg ha−1) | (%) | (kg ha−1) | (%) | (kg ha−1) | |||||||||||||
DH | 2010 | 1019.1 | 7.9 | 12.5 | a | 29.5 | 18.3 | a | 48.7 | 18.7 | 61.7 | 23.3 | a | 25.2 | 9.9 | 1.0 | 3.0 | ab | 28.1 | NA |
DH | 2011 | 1189.8 | 10.1 | 15.7 | a | 34.9 | 25.2 | a | 58.4 | 21.8 | 54.4 | 21.6 | a | 28.0 | 6.7 | 0.6 | 1.5 | ab | 46.0 | 20.1 |
DH | 2012 | 1166.4 | 7.3 | 12.1 | a | 48.8 | 18.7 | a | 51.7 | 17.9 | 35.7 | 23.6 | a | 25.1 | 7.8 | 8.2 | 14.6 | a | 16.4 | 14.4 |
DH | 2013 | 1120.9 | 6.4 | 11.1 | a | 54.0 | 22.6 | a | 51.9 | 11.8 | 35.3 | 28.0 | a | 27.3 | 12.0 | 4.3 | 12.8 | ab | 8.9 | 10.8 |
DH | 2014 | 1210.8 | 2.9 | 6.5 | a | 56.7 | 25.2 | a | 56.6 | 21.8 | 40.2 | 23.1 | a | 20.4 | 5.2 | 0.2 | 0.6 | ab | 11.3 | NA |
DH | 2015 | 1230.8 | 8.7 | 19.4 | a | 49.9 | 20.5 | a | 54.9 | 17.6 | 41.4 | 17.1 | a | 24.7 | 10.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | ab | 11.3 | NA |
DH | 2016 | 1222.7 | 6.9 | 12.5 | a | 41.7 | 30.2 | a | 58.5 | 17.0 | 49.7 | 25.1 | a | 22.5 | 10.3 | 1.7 | 5.3 | ab | 5.4 | 7.2 |
DH | 2017 | 1249.9 | 8.0 | 18.2 | a | 48.9 | 22.2 | a | 50.5 | 20.1 | 43.1 | 18.2 | a | 19.6 | 4.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | b | 13.4 | NA |
DH | 2018 | 1262.5 | 3.9 | 8.8 | a | 55.9 | 20.7 | a | 50.1 | 11.0 | 40.2 | 24.4 | a | 22.2 | 7.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | b | 11.9 | NA |
UE | 2010 | 1708.9 | 19.1 | 16.3 | a | 20.2 | 29.6 | a | 69.9 | 21.1 | 12.5 | 19.8 | a | 21.4 | 3.1 | 48.3 | 31.4 | a | 31.1 | 16.0 |
UE | 2011 | 1730.1 | 22.3 | 15.7 | a | 14.6 | 13.3 | a | 69.8 | 37.6 | 14.9 | 22.2 | a | 19.6 | 4.3 | 48.2 | 32.2 | a | 43.1 | 11.1 |
UE | 2012 | 1766.9 | 27.2 | 18.4 | a | 11.9 | 11.1 | a | 70.0 | 19.0 | 16.8 | 20.6 | a | 33.0 | 16.5 | 44.1 | 24.9 | a | 35.4 | 15.0 |
UE | 2013 | 1756.5 | 23.3 | 20.9 | a | 24.6 | 23.8 | a | 59.5 | 21.4 | 14.0 | 17.9 | a | 28.0 | 19.4 | 38.1 | 26.5 | a | 37.7 | 12.1 |
UE | 2014 | 1826.1 | 20.8 | 18.7 | a | 20.1 | 11.9 | a | 67.1 | 23.6 | 16.6 | 25.0 | a | 27.3 | 8.6 | 42.5 | 24.8 | a | 46.2 | 22.8 |
UE | 2015 | 1827.9 | 24.0 | 17.8 | a | 17.3 | 11.7 | a | 65.0 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 21.9 | a | 24.6 | 12.9 | 39.7 | 27.0 | a | 33.3 | 9.0 |
UE | 2016 | 1822.6 | 28.4 | 28.2 | a | 26.0 | 20.4 | a | 59.1 | 17.1 | 11.0 | 16.8 | a | 29.8 | 22.6 | 34.6 | 28.3 | a | 33.0 | 17.3 |
UE | 2017 | 1806.8 | 24.4 | 24.6 | a | 17.8 | 13.7 | a | 58.8 | 26.2 | 11.3 | 15.6 | a | 25.3 | 7.8 | 46.4 | 30.8 | a | 31.7 | 8.2 |
UE | 2018 | 1910.4 | 17.3 | 13.3 | a | 17.5 | 16.0 | a | 54.0 | 32.8 | 19.4 | 23.6 | a | 31.8 | 13.1 | 45.8 | 28.8 | a | 30.6 | 14.0 |
RO | 2010 | 12,098.2 | 30.5 | 32.0 | a | 9.3 | 9.2 | a | 47.8 | 20.4 | 21.8 | 35.1 | a | 33.5 | 21.0 | 38.4 | 35.3 | a | 22.6 | 9.0 |
RO | 2011 | 11,957.7 | 9.7 | 21.9 | a | 20.4 | 22.8 | a | 40.5 | 11.1 | 12.0 | 26.1 | a | 28.6 | 25.3 | 57.9 | 39.6 | a | 20.0 | 9.3 |
RO | 2012 | 12,281.9 | 18.7 | 24.5 | a | 12.5 | 16.9 | a | 47.9 | 9.0 | 21.2 | 36.6 | a | 27.7 | 21.4 | 47.5 | 35.2 | a | 20.1 | 9.8 |
RO | 2013 | 11,934.1 | 16.3 | 23.5 | a | 15.7 | 20.6 | a | 40.0 | 17.5 | 14.0 | 26.2 | a | 22.9 | 16.9 | 53.9 | 36.1 | a | 18.4 | 12.9 |
RO | 2014 | 11,830.6 | 6.8 | 11.7 | a | 21.2 | 27.7 | a | 44.4 | 18.6 | 8.3 | 21.6 | a | 28.3 | 20.8 | 63.6 | 36.3 | a | 20.1 | 10.3 |
RO | 2015 | 11,853.8 | 13.2 | 22.0 | a | 21.8 | 23.1 | a | 46.1 | 20.7 | 12.8 | 27.0 | a | 28.7 | 11.6 | 52.2 | 34.0 | a | 19.2 | 12.8 |
RO | 2016 | 11,809.9 | 13.1 | 21.7 | a | 21.1 | 20.0 | a | 43.4 | 19.3 | 11.9 | 25.2 | a | 37.7 | 27.3 | 54.0 | 35.1 | a | 17.9 | 8.3 |
RO | 2017 | 11,612.4 | 15.4 | 23.1 | a | 25.8 | 30.5 | a | 39.9 | 18.4 | 6.5 | 9.7 | a | 28.9 | 19.4 | 52.4 | 34.1 | a | 21.6 | 8.3 |
RO | 2018 | 11,803.3 | 13.1 | 22.2 | a | 24.6 | 26.3 | a | 42.2 | 21.9 | 9.4 | 19.6 | a | 23.9 | 22.3 | 52.9 | 34.7 | a | 22.2 | 11.5 |
FL | 2010 | 13,692.7 | 39.7 | 34.5 | a | 7.8 | 11.6 | a | 33.4 | 9.6 | 33.1 | 28.5 | a | 25.9 | 13.5 | 19.4 | 25.0 | a | 20.9 | 11.0 |
FL | 2011 | 15,304.6 | 39.2 | 32.4 | a | 7.2 | 10.1 | a | 37.5 | 13.7 | 36.5 | 30.9 | a | 28.0 | 8.7 | 17.1 | 23.5 | a | 16.8 | 5.2 |
FL | 2012 | 15,999.6 | 36.3 | 32.8 | a | 7.2 | 11.7 | a | 38.9 | 10.9 | 42.4 | 32.0 | a | 23.8 | 8.5 | 14.2 | 22.4 | a | 17.8 | 9.0 |
FL | 2013 | 16,113.1 | 42.5 | 29.2 | a | 5.4 | 9.0 | a | 39.9 | 13.7 | 41.5 | 30.3 | a | 23.4 | 7.4 | 10.6 | 22.3 | a | 20.5 | 12.2 |
FL | 2014 | 16,237.8 | 37.9 | 30.6 | a | 6.6 | 10.2 | a | 38.3 | 9.5 | 42.7 | 29.3 | a | 22.0 | 7.3 | 12.8 | 21.1 | a | 18.5 | 7.5 |
FL | 2015 | 16,507.7 | 37.8 | 27.4 | a | 6.5 | 9.8 | a | 46.0 | 7.9 | 38.3 | 28.0 | a | 24.0 | 8.6 | 17.4 | 22.9 | a | 15.1 | 10.7 |
FL | 2016 | 16,697.1 | 38.9 | 29.9 | a | 10.9 | 11.4 | a | 38.5 | 3.5 | 36.5 | 30.2 | a | 22.7 | 8.3 | 13.7 | 21.7 | a | 14.3 | 8.7 |
FL | 2017 | 16,586.2 | 40.7 | 27.9 | a | 9.5 | 11.8 | a | 48.8 | 16.2 | 36.9 | 29.6 | a | 24.5 | 9.2 | 12.9 | 21.2 | a | 20.0 | 5.2 |
FL | 2018 | 16,002.4 | 45.3 | 29.4 | a | 5.1 | 8.6 | a | 37.4 | 11.1 | 37.5 | 27.3 | a | 19.0 | 6.0 | 12.1 | 22.8 | a | 13.5 | 9.3 |
OS | 2010 | 9541.2 | 47.1 | 23.5 | a | 16.7 | 21.8 | a | 35.1 | 17.9 | 22.8 | 16.0 | a | 17.7 | 9.9 | 13.3 | 17.4 | a | 14.5 | 10.5 |
OS | 2011 | 11,222.7 | 42.6 | 30.6 | a | 17.1 | 18.0 | a | 26.8 | 15.2 | 30.8 | 20.0 | a | 25.6 | 14.2 | 9.5 | 13.6 | a | 7.9 | 6.1 |
OS | 2012 | 11,178.6 | 38.5 | 30.9 | a | 15.5 | 17.3 | a | 43.7 | 28.1 | 35.7 | 19.0 | a | 28.7 | 26.1 | 10.3 | 15.6 | a | 12.1 | 7.1 |
OS | 2013 | 11,050.4 | 40.7 | 29.8 | a | 17.5 | 18.9 | a | 33.5 | 17.1 | 33.9 | 19.4 | a | 24.6 | 22.5 | 7.9 | 12.3 | a | 13.0 | 5.5 |
OS | 2014 | 11,193.1 | 44.9 | 32.1 | a | 14.0 | 16.2 | a | 52.0 | 18.6 | 33.7 | 20.2 | a | 15.8 | 7.7 | 7.5 | 10.7 | a | 8.5 | 5.2 |
OS | 2015 | 11,228.2 | 45.3 | 28.8 | a | 12.6 | 16.3 | a | 37.7 | 15.6 | 34.2 | 32.6 | a | 17.1 | 6.9 | 7.9 | 10.1 | a | 9.5 | 5.7 |
OS | 2016 | 11,091.4 | 48.3 | 31.7 | a | 13.7 | 18.2 | a | 37.6 | 11.3 | 34.4 | 31.5 | a | 18.9 | 6.4 | 3.5 | 8.8 | a | 7.3 | 6.3 |
OS | 2017 | 11,077.7 | 42.8 | 28.9 | a | 13.0 | 15.6 | a | 34.4 | 16.3 | 37.0 | 31.3 | a | 19.9 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 14.8 | a | 6.4 | 5.3 |
OS | 2018 | 11,021.4 | 46.8 | 26.5 | a | 17.3 | 16.3 | a | 34.5 | 12.7 | 31.5 | 25.2 | a | 18.0 | 14.1 | 4.5 | 8.6 | a | 9.4 | 6.5 |
Appendix C
Region | Year | Area (ha) | Untreated (%) | sd | Total (%) | sd | Total Mean (kg ha−1) | sd | Organic (%) | sd | Organic Mean (kg ha−1) | sd | Mineral (%) | sd | Mineral Mean (kg ha−1) | sd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DH | 2010 | 1019.1 | 7.9 | 12.5 | 92.1 | 12.5 | 33.7 | 11.5 | 91.2 | 14.5 | 27.4 | 10.2 | 30.5 | 18.8 | 19.2 | 8.0 |
DH | 2011 | 1189.8 | 10.1 | 15.7 | 89.9 | 15.7 | 39.0 | 13.0 | 89.3 | 15.6 | 30.0 | 9.1 | 35.5 | 25.5 | 24.3 | 11.8 |
DH | 2012 | 1166.4 | 7.3 | 12.1 | 92.7 | 12.1 | 38.2 | 12.1 | 84.5 | 17.7 | 27.1 | 7.5 | 57.0 | 24.7 | 21.7 | 9.5 |
DH | 2013 | 1120.9 | 6.4 | 11.1 | 93.6 | 11.1 | 40.8 | 13.4 | 89.3 | 19.1 | 28.5 | 9.6 | 58.3 | 24.0 | 21.4 | 8.6 |
DH | 2014 | 1210.8 | 2.9 | 6.5 | 97.1 | 6.5 | 38.4 | 8.6 | 96.9 | 6.5 | 25.3 | 7.1 | 56.9 | 25.0 | 23.6 | 13.6 |
DH | 2015 | 1230.8 | 8.7 | 19.4 | 91.3 | 19.4 | 40.7 | 14.0 | 91.3 | 19.4 | 28.4 | 10.8 | 49.9 | 20.5 | 21.6 | 7.2 |
DH | 2016 | 1222.7 | 6.9 | 12.5 | 93.1 | 12.5 | 35.1 | 13.8 | 91.4 | 17.0 | 26.3 | 11.6 | 43.4 | 28.0 | 19.8 | 13.0 |
DH | 2017 | 1249.9 | 8.0 | 18.2 | 92.0 | 18.2 | 36.1 | 12.4 | 92.0 | 18.2 | 25.7 | 8.6 | 48.9 | 22.2 | 19.7 | 12.1 |
DH | 2018 | 1262.5 | 3.9 | 8.8 | 96.1 | 8.8 | 38.1 | 8.1 | 96.1 | 8.8 | 27.9 | 7.1 | 55.9 | 20.7 | 17.3 | 12.5 |
UE | 2010 | 1708.9 | 19.1 | 16.3 | 80.9 | 16.3 | 40.2 | 10.5 | 32.6 | 33.7 | 32.3 | 19.6 | 68.5 | 27.3 | 33.1 | 14.6 |
UE | 2011 | 1730.1 | 22.3 | 15.7 | 77.7 | 15.7 | 42.1 | 14.2 | 29.5 | 26.4 | 31.3 | 23.9 | 62.8 | 26.3 | 38.8 | 15.8 |
UE | 2012 | 1766.9 | 27.2 | 18.4 | 72.8 | 18.4 | 41.9 | 13.3 | 28.7 | 23.6 | 30.4 | 15.7 | 56.0 | 23.5 | 37.3 | 14.0 |
UE | 2013 | 1756.5 | 23.3 | 20.9 | 76.7 | 20.9 | 41.4 | 6.9 | 38.6 | 27.3 | 31.9 | 14.8 | 62.7 | 29.1 | 34.2 | 7.8 |
UE | 2014 | 1826.1 | 20.8 | 18.7 | 79.2 | 18.7 | 47.4 | 21.1 | 36.7 | 22.9 | 24.0 | 10.5 | 62.6 | 26.7 | 42.3 | 15.7 |
UE | 2015 | 1827.9 | 24.0 | 17.8 | 76.0 | 17.8 | 39.9 | 10.1 | 36.3 | 20.7 | 27.1 | 8.6 | 57.0 | 24.3 | 35.4 | 9.2 |
UE | 2016 | 1822.6 | 28.4 | 28.2 | 71.6 | 28.2 | 45.2 | 16.4 | 37.0 | 27.2 | 24.7 | 9.2 | 60.6 | 27.0 | 36.2 | 11.2 |
UE | 2017 | 1806.8 | 24.4 | 24.6 | 75.6 | 24.6 | 39.5 | 15.0 | 29.2 | 16.5 | 23.8 | 7.4 | 64.3 | 32.0 | 32.4 | 10.3 |
UE | 2018 | 1910.4 | 17.3 | 13.3 | 82.7 | 13.3 | 37.3 | 12.4 | 36.9 | 20.4 | 26.1 | 11.7 | 63.3 | 32.2 | 30.8 | 14.9 |
RO | 2010 | 12,098.2 | 30.5 | 32.0 | 69.5 | 32.0 | 29.1 | 12.2 | 31.1 | 39.0 | 25.6 | 19.8 | 47.7 | 35.3 | 24.2 | 11.9 |
RO | 2011 | 11,957.7 | 9.7 | 21.9 | 90.3 | 21.9 | 24.9 | 4.4 | 32.4 | 39.8 | 22.3 | 13.9 | 78.3 | 30.2 | 21.2 | 10.9 |
RO | 2012 | 12,281.9 | 18.7 | 24.5 | 81.3 | 24.5 | 25.5 | 8.2 | 33.7 | 40.1 | 24.4 | 17.3 | 60.1 | 34.4 | 21.9 | 9.9 |
RO | 2013 | 11,934.1 | 16.3 | 23.5 | 83.7 | 23.5 | 24.8 | 7.4 | 29.8 | 39.0 | 24.7 | 19.1 | 69.7 | 29.8 | 20.5 | 13.8 |
RO | 2014 | 11,830.6 | 6.8 | 11.7 | 93.2 | 11.7 | 25.3 | 7.8 | 29.6 | 39.4 | 30.5 | 19.9 | 84.8 | 21.9 | 20.3 | 10.4 |
RO | 2015 | 11,853.8 | 13.2 | 22.0 | 86.8 | 22.0 | 27.5 | 10.5 | 34.5 | 39.8 | 27.8 | 14.1 | 74.0 | 29.0 | 21.0 | 12.5 |
RO | 2016 | 11,809.9 | 13.1 | 21.7 | 86.9 | 21.7 | 23.9 | 8.1 | 33.0 | 37.1 | 23.9 | 16.7 | 75.0 | 28.8 | 19.8 | 9.4 |
RO | 2017 | 11,612.4 | 15.4 | 23.1 | 84.6 | 23.1 | 25.2 | 7.7 | 32.2 | 37.7 | 22.9 | 16.2 | 78.2 | 23.9 | 20.1 | 9.7 |
RO | 2018 | 11,803.3 | 13.1 | 22.2 | 86.9 | 22.2 | 25.2 | 11.0 | 34.0 | 37.8 | 23.1 | 16.7 | 77.5 | 26.8 | 20.9 | 11.1 |
FL | 2010 | 13,692.7 | 39.7 | 34.5 | 60.3 | 34.5 | 28.6 | 11.6 | 40.9 | 27.3 | 24.4 | 13.6 | 27.2 | 32.7 | 20.3 | 10.6 |
FL | 2011 | 15,304.6 | 39.2 | 32.4 | 60.8 | 32.4 | 26.9 | 8.0 | 43.7 | 26.7 | 25.3 | 10.7 | 24.3 | 32.3 | 16.3 | 6.6 |
FL | 2012 | 15,999.6 | 36.3 | 32.8 | 63.7 | 32.8 | 25.1 | 5.7 | 49.6 | 29.1 | 22.4 | 9.7 | 21.4 | 32.6 | 20.0 | 6.4 |
FL | 2013 | 16,113.1 | 42.5 | 29.2 | 57.5 | 29.2 | 24.5 | 7.3 | 46.9 | 26.5 | 21.4 | 9.1 | 16.0 | 31.0 | 20.2 | 11.2 |
FL | 2014 | 16,237.8 | 37.9 | 30.6 | 62.1 | 30.6 | 23.5 | 6.5 | 49.3 | 25.8 | 21.7 | 6.8 | 19.3 | 31.2 | 18.3 | 6.6 |
FL | 2015 | 16,507.7 | 37.8 | 27.4 | 62.2 | 27.4 | 23.1 | 10.5 | 44.8 | 24.7 | 24.1 | 7.9 | 23.9 | 32.2 | 16.5 | 11.0 |
FL | 2016 | 16,697.1 | 38.9 | 29.9 | 61.1 | 29.9 | 23.3 | 9.9 | 47.4 | 27.4 | 23.3 | 7.0 | 24.6 | 30.5 | 15.5 | 8.5 |
FL | 2017 | 16,586.2 | 40.7 | 27.9 | 59.3 | 27.9 | 28.6 | 5.7 | 46.4 | 24.9 | 25.6 | 7.3 | 22.4 | 30.9 | 19.8 | 3.0 |
FL | 2018 | 16,002.4 | 45.3 | 29.4 | 54.7 | 29.4 | 20.7 | 6.1 | 42.6 | 23.8 | 19.7 | 5.7 | 17.2 | 30.9 | 14.6 | 8.9 |
OS | 2010 | 9541.2 | 47.1 | 23.5 | 52.9 | 23.5 | 21.1 | 8.8 | 39.5 | 19.9 | 20.8 | 8.2 | 30.1 | 32.5 | 14.6 | 9.9 |
OS | 2011 | 11,222.7 | 42.6 | 30.6 | 57.4 | 30.6 | 23.3 | 10.9 | 47.9 | 26.0 | 23.6 | 11.5 | 26.6 | 28.8 | 8.4 | 5.8 |
OS | 2012 | 11,178.6 | 38.5 | 30.9 | 61.5 | 30.9 | 27.7 | 11.7 | 51.2 | 26.8 | 30.4 | 23.0 | 25.9 | 28.5 | 13.3 | 6.1 |
OS | 2013 | 11,050.4 | 40.7 | 29.8 | 59.3 | 29.8 | 29.5 | 20.8 | 51.4 | 26.8 | 26.9 | 21.6 | 25.3 | 27.6 | 12.4 | 6.2 |
OS | 2014 | 11,193.1 | 44.9 | 32.1 | 55.1 | 32.1 | 23.5 | 11.6 | 47.7 | 28.9 | 21.3 | 9.9 | 21.5 | 20.6 | 12.6 | 6.6 |
OS | 2015 | 11,228.2 | 45.3 | 28.8 | 54.7 | 28.8 | 21.4 | 14.1 | 46.8 | 31.6 | 19.4 | 9.1 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 12.2 | 6.4 |
OS | 2016 | 11,091.4 | 48.3 | 31.7 | 51.7 | 31.7 | 26.8 | 10.8 | 48.2 | 29.9 | 22.7 | 4.9 | 17.3 | 22.9 | 12.8 | 7.5 |
OS | 2017 | 11,077.7 | 42.8 | 28.9 | 57.2 | 28.9 | 23.5 | 7.4 | 50.0 | 34.5 | 25.9 | 11.3 | 20.2 | 21.0 | 9.7 | 6.2 |
OS | 2018 | 11,021.4 | 46.8 | 26.5 | 53.2 | 26.5 | 28.3 | 14.5 | 48.7 | 28.5 | 21.2 | 12.7 | 21.8 | 16.1 | 14.4 | 10.6 |
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Attributes | Diepholz | Uelzen | Rostock | Fläming | Oder-Spree |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size of region (km2) | 1988 | 1454 | 3421 | 2163 | 2243 |
Total number of farms | 2419 | 823 | 827 | 227 | 323 |
Average farm size (ha) | 228 | 144 | 857 | 2069 | 1879 |
Average field size (ha) | 3 | 4 | 12 | 9 | 8 |
Mean soil index (0–120) | 45 | 31 | 42 | 34 | 36 |
Farms with livestock (%) | 53 | 26 | 51 | 39 | 28 |
Annual total precipitation (mm) | 699 | 733 | 618 | 554 | 571 |
Annual mean temperature (°C) | 9.8 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 9.6 |
Maximum yield winter wheat (t ha−1) | 8.2 | 8.1 | 8.5 | 6.5 | 5.0 |
Fertiliser Group | Unit | n | Range of Dry Matter Content (%) | Range of Total-P Content (kg) per Unit |
---|---|---|---|---|
Fermentation residue solid | kg | 304 | 16.3–82.0 | 0.0011–0.0056 |
Fermentation residue liquid | m3 | 3456 | 1.7–13.0 | 0.1431–1.3092 |
Slurry-pig | m3 | 1859 | 1.0–16.0 | 0.2444–1.7456 |
Slurry-cattle | m3 | 3432 | 1.7–13.0 | 0.1484–1.2132 |
Manure-poultry | kg | 1085 | 25.9–63.3 | 0.0025–0.0131 |
Manure-other animals | kg | 1684 | 16.3–54.6 | 0.0004–0.0042 |
Sewage sludge | kg | 177 | 21.0–35.3 | 0.0010–0.0076 |
Compost | kg | 148 | 22.2–69.0 | 0.0010–0.0050 |
Mineral fertilisers solid | kg | 7813 | 0.0009–0.2269 | |
Mineral fertilisers liquid | l | 3197 | 0.0206–0.2618 |
Explained Variance (%) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Year | Region | Farm (Region) | Residual | ||||
P total | 0.0 | 26.4 | ** | 54.1 | *** | 19.6 | |
P organic | 0.0 | 39.7 | *** | 51.0 | *** | 9.3 | |
P mineral | 0.0 | 36.5 | *** | 41.5 | *** | 21.9 |
Explained Variance (%) | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Field (Farm, Region) | Field (Crop, Farm) | Crop (Region) | Crop | Farm (Region) | Region | Year | Residual | ||||||||
P total | 13,667 | 0.0 | 7.3 | *** | 13.8 | *** | 27.0 | *** | 8.8 | *** | 2.5 | 0.3 | *** | 40.4 | ||
P organic | 9407 | 0.0 | 4.5 | *** | 14.8 | *** | 4.4 | 31.7 | *** | 0.0 | 0.6 | *** | 44.1 | |||
P mineral | 7709 | 0.0 | 2.1 | *** | 6.9 | *** | 54.0 | *** | 7.6 | *** | 8.4 | ** | 0.1 | *** | 20.9 |
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Winklhofer, P.; Andert, S.; Hüttel, S.; Gerowitt, B. Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany. Agronomy 2021, 11, 2123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112123
Winklhofer P, Andert S, Hüttel S, Gerowitt B. Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany. Agronomy. 2021; 11(11):2123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112123
Chicago/Turabian StyleWinklhofer, Paul, Sabine Andert, Silke Hüttel, and Bärbel Gerowitt. 2021. "Measuring On-Farm Phosphorus Fertiliser Use—Lessons Learned from Surveying Data of Five Regions in Northern Germany" Agronomy 11, no. 11: 2123. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112123