Spread of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Sicily and Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Dispersion in Experimental Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Spatiotemporal Displacement of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus
2.1.1. Seed Sampling
2.1.2. Analysis in Nurseries
2.1.3. Analysis in Production Greenhouses
2.2. Evaluation of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Epidemiology in Experimental Conditions
3. Results
3.1. Spatiotemporal Displacement of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus
3.1.1. Seed Sampling
3.1.2. Analysis in Nurseries
3.1.3. Analysis in Production Greenhouses
3.2. Evaluation of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Epidemiology in Experimental Conditions
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling per Month | No. Lots Analyzed | No. Infected Lots |
---|---|---|
November 2018 | 20 | 6 |
December 2018 | 30 | 6 |
January 2019 | 40 | 9 |
February 2019 | 40 | 8 |
March 2019 | 40 | 8 |
April 2019 | 50 | 3 |
May 2019 | 50 | 3 |
June 2019 | 50 | 0 |
July 2019 | 40 | 0 |
August 2019 | 30 | 0 |
September 2019 | 40 | 0 |
October 2019 | 50 | 0 |
November 2019 | 50 | 0 |
December 2019 | 30 | 0 |
January 2020 | 30 | 0 |
Total | 590 | 43 |
Sampling per Month | Lots Analyzed | No. of Infected Lots |
---|---|---|
November 2018 | 10 | 3 |
December 2018 | 80 | 3 |
January 2019 | 80 | 3 |
February 2019 | 16 | 1 |
March 2019 | 16 | 0 |
April 2019 | 20 | 0 |
May 2019 | 16 | 1 |
June 2019 | 16 | 0 |
July 2019 | 40 | 1 |
August 2019 | 240 | 1 |
September 2019 | 240 | 1 |
October 2019 | 16 | 0 |
November 2019 | 32 | 0 |
December 2019 | 80 | 0 |
January 2020 | 80 | 0 |
Total | 982 | 14 |
Sampling per Month | Province | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Siracusa | Ragusa | Caltanissetta | Agrigento | |
A.F./I.F. | A.F./I.F. | A.F./I.F. | A.F./I.F. | |
October 2018 | 1/1 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
November 2018 | 4/2 | 3/2 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
December 2018 | 6/3 | 6/4 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
January 2019 | 10/5 | 10/7 | 5/3 | 5/0 |
February 2019 | 15/7 | 20/11 | 6/3 | 6/0 |
March 2019 | 20/7 | 35/19 | 6/4 | 6/1 |
April 2019 | 21/8 | 55/21 | 6/5 | 6/3 |
May 2019 | 24/9 | 62/24 | 8/4 | 6/2 |
June 2019 | 24/9 | 62/28 | 8/2 | 6/2 |
July 2019 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
August 2019 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
September 2019 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 | 0/0 |
October 2019 | 24/8 | 62/28 | 8/1 | 6/0 |
November 2019 | 24/8 | 62/20 | 8/1 | 6/0 |
December 2019 | 24/6 | 62/20 | 8/1 | 6/0 |
January 2020 | 24/5 | 62/20 | 8/1 | 6/0 |
Sampling per Month | No. of Infected Plants | Increase of Infected Plants | Disease Increase (%) | Percentage of Infection |
---|---|---|---|---|
September 2018 | 2 * | - | - | - |
October 2018 | 7 | +5 | 350 | 1.45 |
November 2018 | 28 | +21 | 400 | 5.83 |
December 2018 | 137 | +109 | 489.30 | 28.54 |
January 2019 | 295 | +158 | 215.30 | 61.46 |
February 2019 | 386 | +91 | 130.80 | 80.41 |
March 2019 | 433 | +47 | 112.20 | 90.20 |
April 2019 | 458 | +25 | 105.80 | 95.41 |
May 2019 | 475 | +17 | 103.70 | 98.96 |
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Panno, S.; Caruso, A.G.; Barone, S.; Lo Bosco, G.; Rangel, E.A.; Davino, S. Spread of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Sicily and Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Dispersion in Experimental Conditions. Agronomy 2020, 10, 834. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060834
Panno S, Caruso AG, Barone S, Lo Bosco G, Rangel EA, Davino S. Spread of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Sicily and Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Dispersion in Experimental Conditions. Agronomy. 2020; 10(6):834. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060834
Chicago/Turabian StylePanno, Stefano, Andrea Giovanni Caruso, Stefano Barone, Giosuè Lo Bosco, Ezequiel A. Rangel, and Salvatore Davino. 2020. "Spread of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus in Sicily and Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Dispersion in Experimental Conditions" Agronomy 10, no. 6: 834. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10060834