Phosphorus Uptake and Growth of Wild-Type Barley and Its Root-Hairless Mutant Cultured in Buffered-and Non-Buffered-P Solutions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
2.2. Non-Split-Root System
2.3. Split-Root System
2.4. Quantification of Root Hair Length and Density
2.5. Phosphorus Uptake Dynamics
2.6. Plant Biomass Measurements
2.7. Tissue P Concentration Determination
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Non-Split-Root System
3.2. Split-Root System
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of P Bioavailability on Root Hair Length and Density
4.2. Function of Root Hairs on Phosphorus Uptake and Plant Growth
4.3. Using a Split Root System with TCP to Simulate a Soil Solution
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Left Cup Contents (LC) | Right Cup Contents (RC) |
---|---|---|
TR1 | TCP a | CNS-P b |
TR2 | H2O c | CNS d |
TR3 | H2O | CNS-P |
TR4 | H2O | CNS-P + TCP |
TR5 (control) | CNS | CNS |
Root Hair Variables z | P Uptake Rate (µmol h−1 plant−1) | Dry Weight (g) | P Concentration (mg P g−1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot | Root | Shoot | Root | |||||
RHL (mm) | RHD (no. mm−1) | |||||||
P0 | Wild type | 0.83 a y | 46 a | 0.97 a | 1.03 bA | 0.21 aA | 1.06 bB | 1.56 b |
P35 | Wild type | 0.80 a | 45 a | 1.02 a | 1.18 bA | 0.20 aA | 0.83 bB | 1.64 b |
P1000 | Wild type | 0.30 b | 13 b | 0.70 b | 1.99 aA | 0.22 aA | 5.11 aB | 7.18 a |
P0 | Mutant | 0 | 0 | 1.13 a | 0.76 bB | 0.18 aB | 1.29 bA | 1.46 b |
P35 | Mutant | 0 | 0 | 1.11 a | 0.85 bB | 0.17 aB | 1.12 bA | 1.65 b |
P1000 | Mutant | 0 | 0 | 0.61 b | 1.28 aB | 0.17 aB | 6.11 aA | 7.13 a |
Significance | ||||||||
P concentration | * | * | * | * | NS x | * | * | |
Genotype | - | - | NS | * | * | * | NS | |
P concentration * Genotype | - | - | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Treatment | P Concentration (mg P/g Dry Weight) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cup Contents | Root | Shoot | |||
Wild Type | Mutant | Wild Type | Mutant | ||
TR1 z | TCP z | 1.54 b y | 1.52 bcd | 1.27 bcA | 0.82 cB |
CNS-P | 1.28 b | 1.14 cd | |||
TR2 | H2O | 2.11 b | 2.65 b | 2.21 bB | 3.55 bA |
CNS | 4.54 aB | 5.81 aA | |||
TR3 | H2O | 1.19 b | 1.89 bc | 0.38 cB | 1.09 cA |
CNS-P | 1.13 b | 1.16 cd | |||
TR4 | H2O | 1.53 b | 1.48 cd | 0.47 cB | 1.14 cA |
CNS-P + TCP | 1.80 bA | 0.47 dB | |||
TR5 | CNS | 5.63 aB | 6.48 aA | 4.61 aB | 6.00 aA |
CNS | 5.50 a | 6.12 a | |||
Significance | |||||
Genotype | * | * | |||
Treatment | * | * | |||
Genotype * Treatment | * | * |
Split-Root System | Non-Split-Root System | |
---|---|---|
Root hair growth | Increased root hair length and density growth when tri-calcium phosphate is used to mimic soil condition | Root hair growth has been decreased compared to when TCP being used to simulate soil P stressed condition |
P uptake rate | The wild-type had greater P uptake rate than the root hairless mutant | No difference was detected between the wild-type and the mutant |
Biomass production | The wild-type had greater shoot and root biomass than the mutant | The wild-type had greater shoot and root biomass than the mutant |
P concentration | The mutant had higher shoot P concentration than the wild-type through TR2 to TR5 The wild-type had increased shoot P concentration compared to the mutant in P-buffered TR1 condition | The mutant maintained higher shoot P concentration than the wild-type |
No genotypic difference between wild-type and mutant in TR1 treatment | No genotypic difference in root P concentration was found | |
Translocation | An interaction existed between the left and right cup compartments since both side roots share the same shoot tissue | Both wild type and mutant plants had more consistent responses for biomass production and P concentration, i.e., plants had higher dry weight and P concentration in high P compared to low P or no P. |
pH difference | When TCP is supplied to one half of the cup, and other nutrients are added to the other half of the cup, pH in the TCP side can be buffered | When TCP is supplied together with other nutrients in one container, pH can decrease two to three units as plants take up more cationic ions than anionic ions |
P bioavailability of the TCP in the solution | P bioavailability of the TCP can be kept at a low level continuously when TCP was supplied separately from other nutrients for plant growth | P bioavailability of the TCP would increase as the pH drops caused by plant taking up more cations |
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Xie, Y.; Rathinasabapathi, B.; Schaffer, B.; Mylavarapu, R.; Liu, G. Phosphorus Uptake and Growth of Wild-Type Barley and Its Root-Hairless Mutant Cultured in Buffered-and Non-Buffered-P Solutions. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101556
Xie Y, Rathinasabapathi B, Schaffer B, Mylavarapu R, Liu G. Phosphorus Uptake and Growth of Wild-Type Barley and Its Root-Hairless Mutant Cultured in Buffered-and Non-Buffered-P Solutions. Agronomy. 2020; 10(10):1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101556
Chicago/Turabian StyleXie, Yucong, Bala Rathinasabapathi, Bruce Schaffer, Rao Mylavarapu, and Guodong Liu. 2020. "Phosphorus Uptake and Growth of Wild-Type Barley and Its Root-Hairless Mutant Cultured in Buffered-and Non-Buffered-P Solutions" Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1556. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101556