Growth Promotion, Nutrition Levels, and Antioxidant Activity in Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. under Various Plant Extracts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials
2.2. Extracts and Growth Promotion
2.3. EC and pH in Extracts
2.4. Photosynthetic Efficacy and Total Chlorophyll Reading (SPAD)
2.5. Levels of Mineral Nutrition in Extracts and Treated Leaves
2.6. Phenol and Flavonoid Contents and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Extract Stability
3.2. Effect of Various Extracts on Growth of Peucedanum Japonicum
3.3. Photosynthetic Efficacy and Total Chlorophyll Reading (SPAD)
3.4. Levels of Mineral Nutrition in Extracts and Treated Leaves
3.5. Phenol and Flavonoid Contents and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Aknowledgements
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Extract | Concentration (%) | Quantum Yield | SPAD Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
7 DAT | 14 DAT | 7 DAT | 14 DAT | ||
Control | 0.838 abc | 0.845 bc | 45.3 abc | 44.4 e | |
Soybean leaf | 0.5 | 0.844 abc | 0.812 ab | 43.4 ab | 45.6 ab |
1 | 0.840 a | 0.837 bc | 47.2 a | 45.9 a | |
3 | 0.848 ab | 0.844 a | 42.9 bcde | 45.8 abcd | |
Soybean stem | 0.5 | 0.841 abc | 0.843 ab | 45.9 cdef | 46.5 abc |
1 | 0.841 ab | 0.831 bc | 44.1 bcde | 43.9 abcde | |
3 | 0.846 ab | 0.829 bc | 41.2 f | 43.9 de | |
Chinese chive | 0.5 | 0.841 abc | 0.835 bc | 41.2 def | 44.2 cde |
1 | 0.666 abc | 0.839 ab | 42.8 def | 44.0 e | |
3 | 0.844 abc | 0.846 ab | 43.7 abcd | 46.4 bcde | |
Onion | 0.5 | 0.844 abc | 0.840 ab | 45.0 abc | 43.6 e |
1 | 0.842 abc | 0.831 c | 44.1 cdef | 45.0 bcde | |
3 | 0.839 abc | 0.841 ab | 40.1 ef | 44.4 abcde | |
Tomato | 0.5 | 0.833 bc | 0.826 bc | 45.2 abc | 43.9 bcde |
1 | 0.836 c | 0.822 d | 45.6 bcde | 46.1 bcde | |
3 | 0.836 bc | 0.837 b | 45.6 bcde | 41.7 e |
Extract | Macroelements (%) | Microelements (mg/kg) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T-N | P | K | Ca | Mg | Na | B | Al | Mn | Fe | Ni | Cu | Zn | Mo | |
Soybean leaf | 1.14 c | 0.16 b | 1.42 d | 0.88 a | 0.20 b | 0.00 c | 5.60 b | 832.62 | 46.52 b | 389.44 a | 0.68 a | 2.70 c | 40.20 a | 0.44 b |
Soybean stem | 0.06 e | 0.00 c | 1.20 e | 0.14 c | 0.10 d | 0.06 b | 1.82 e | 7.66 c | 2.48 e | 6.94 e | 0.18 d | 1.92 e | 2.46 e | 0.04 e |
Chinese chive | 1.64 a | 0.26 a | 5.60 a | 0.28 b | 0.34 a | 0.06 b | 5.72 a | 21.10 b | 83.88 a | 31.62 b | 0.48 b | 4.02 a | 35.12 b | 0.62 a |
Onion | 1.10 d | 0.18 b | 1.52 c | 0.10 d | 0.10 d | 0.06 b | 3.84 c | 9.22 c | 3.08 d | 13.52 d | 0.24 c | 2.36 d | 7.54 d | 0.10 d |
Tomato | 1.26 b | 0.22 a | 3.90 b | 0.08 e | 0.16 c | 0.12 a | 3.56 d | 7.62 c | 5.82 c | 22.34 c | 0.16 d | 2.88 b | 14.50 c | 0.22 c |
Extract | CO (%) | Macroelements (%) | Microelements (mg/kg) | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T-N | P | K | Ca | Mg | Na | B | Al | Mn | Fe | Ni | Cu | Zn | Mo | ||
Control | 2.65 f | 0.36 i | 4.63 f | 1.52 hi | 0.40 d | 1.60 e | 23.13 gh | 40.81 gh | 92.80 l | 61.80 k | 0.00 e | 3.53 f | 18.05 j | 0.99 efg | |
Soybean leaf | 0.5 | 2.88 c | 0.40 h | 4.98 c | 1.68 c | 0.39 de | 1.69 b | 26.85 a | 41.32 g | 145.05 a | 69.12 h | 0.00 e | 4.17 b | 22.12 c | 1.10 cdef |
1 | 3.01 b | 0.43 g | 5.23 a | 1.64 d | 0.38 fg | 1.59 ef | 26.87 a | 51.67 d | 115.29 f | 84.20 d | 0.24 b | 3.75 d | 23.94 a | 1.16 bcde | |
3 | 3.16 a | 0.49 ef | 4.94 d | 1.72 b | 0.44 b | 1.36 l | 25.09 bc | 45.10 e | 137.88 c | 74.88 f | 0.00 e | 4.18 b | 21.99 c | 1.19 bc | |
Soybean stem | 0.5 | 2.44 h | 0.33 j | 4.81 e | 1.52 ij | 0.35 j | 1.49 i | 20.99 k | 34.58 k | 76.81 o | 64.80 j | 0.00 e | 3.63 e | 18.45 i | 0.88 g |
1 | 2.69 ef | 0.32 j | 4.60 g | 1.51 ij | 0.36 hi | 1.34 m | 24.10 e | 33.89 l | 93.75 k | 64.50 j | 0.00 e | 3.28 i | 17.67 k | 1.36 a | |
3 | 2.53 g | 0.50 de | 4.60 g | 1.62 e | 0.41 c | 1.55 gh | 23.02 h | 38.89 i | 112.92 g | 68.84 h | 0.00 e | 3.48 fg | 20.68 f | 1.04 cdefg | |
Chinese chive | 0.5 | 2.74 de | 0.64 a | 5.01 b | 1.79 a | 0.44 b | 1.64 d | 25.19 b | 207.69 a | 143.65 b | 139.04 b | 0.00 e | 3.82 c | 21.57 d | 1.08 cdef |
1 | 2.75 d | 0.58 c | 4.28 j | 1.57 g | 0.38 fg | 1.56 g | 23.26 g | 42.52 f | 124.08 e | 73.51 g | 0.17 c | 3.45 g | 21.11 e | 0.99 efg | |
3 | 2.87 c | 0.61 b | 4.61 g | 1.59 f | 0.39 ef | 1.81 a | 24.97 c | 72.77 c | 137.25 d | 82.91 e | 0.00 e | 4.29 a | 21.72 d | 1.31 ab | |
Onion | 0.5 | 2.33 i | 0.32 j | 4.08 l | 1.51 ij | 0.36 h | 1.58 f | 22.81 i | 40.48 h | 88.90 m | 680.25 a | 0.00 e | 3.54 f | 19.07 h | 0.93 fg |
1 | 2.69 f | 0.44 g | 4.06 m | 1.66 c | 0.37 g | 1.54 h | 22.42 j | 96.48 b | 137.75 c | 88.18 c | 0.33 a | 3.74 d | 22.95 b | 1.18 bcd | |
3 | 2.66 f | 0.52 d | 4.57 h | 1.54 h | 0.33 k | 1.66 c | 24.46 d | 38.90 i | 95.20 j | 67.58 i | 0.06 d | 3.38 h | 19.38 g | 0.96 fg | |
Tomato | 0.5 | 2.43 h | 0.44 g | 4.24 k | 1.58 fg | 0.34 k | 1.40 k | 23.63 f | 27.88 n | 88.00 n | 52.21 m | 0.00 e | 3.13 j | 19.48 g | 1.01 defg |
1 | 2.23 j | 0.47 f | 3.81 n | 1.50 j | 0.35 ij | 1.67 bc | 23.08 h | 32.30 m | 103.76 i | 58.12 l | 0.00 e | 3.08 j | 15.73 l | 0.96 fg | |
3 | 2.86 c | 0.66 a | 4.47 i | 1.48 k | 0.47 a | 1.46 j | 18.71 l | 36.15 j | 108.23 h | 64.36 j | 0.00 e | 3.54 f | 20.68 f | 1.07 cdef |
Extract | CO (%) | Phenol (mg/g) | Flavonoid (mg/g) | DPPH (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Soybean leaf | Control | 0.91 f | 0.088 ef | 10.12 d |
0.5 | 1.01 dfe | 0.108 bcd | 27.35 bc | |
1 | 0.94 f | 0.120 ab | 32.37 abc | |
3 | 0.96 ef | 0.118 abc | 30.46 bc | |
Soybean stem | 0.5 | 0.91 f | 0.126 a | 27.31 bc |
1 | 0.90 f | 0.090 def | 33.06 abc | |
3 | 1.36 b | 0.094 def | 25.11 c | |
Chinese chive | 0.5 | 1.20 bcde | 0.100 cdef | 29.82 bc |
1 | 1.65 a | 0.105 bcde | 32.10 abc | |
3 | 1.27 bc | 0.084 f | 38.95 abc | |
Onion | 0.5 | 1.60 a | 0.106 bcde | 41.69 ab |
1 | 0.92 f | 0.097 def | 45.25 a | |
3 | 1.15 bcdef | 0.099 def | 28.68 bc | |
Tomato | 0.5 | 0.98 ef | 0.106 bcde | 37.44 abc |
1 | 1.03 cdef | 0.105 bcde | 27.40 bc | |
3 | 1.25 bcd | 0.100 cdef | 29.50 bc |
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Jang, S.J.; Park, H.H.; Kuk, Y.I. Growth Promotion, Nutrition Levels, and Antioxidant Activity in Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. under Various Plant Extracts. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101494
Jang SJ, Park HH, Kuk YI. Growth Promotion, Nutrition Levels, and Antioxidant Activity in Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. under Various Plant Extracts. Agronomy. 2020; 10(10):1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101494
Chicago/Turabian StyleJang, Se Ji, Hyun Hwa Park, and Yong In Kuk. 2020. "Growth Promotion, Nutrition Levels, and Antioxidant Activity in Peucedanum japonicum Thunb. under Various Plant Extracts" Agronomy 10, no. 10: 1494. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10101494