SelectedAspects of Iodate and Iodosalicylate Metabolism in Lettuce Including the Activity of Vanadium Dependent Haloperoxidases as Affected by Exogenous Vanadium
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Treatments
2.2. Activity of Vanadium-Dependent Haloperoxidases (vHPO)
2.3. Analysis of Dry Samples of Roots and Leaves
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Plant Biomass
3.2. Iodine Uptake and Accumulation by Lettuce Plants
3.3. Vanadium Uptake and Accumulation by Lettuce.
3.4. Effect of Iodine and Vanadium on vHPO Activity in Lettuce Plants
3.5. The Content of BeA, SA, Iodosalicylates, Iodobenzoates, and T3 in Lettuce Plants
4. Discussion
4.1. Biomass Production and Vanadium Accumulation in Lettuce Plants
4.2. Iodine Accumulation vs. Vanadium Application and vHPO Activity
4.3. SA and Iodosalicylate Metabolism
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experimental Factor | Experiment No. 1 | Experiment No. 2 | Experiment No. 3 | Experiment No. 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dose of vanadium as ammonium metavanadate (µM V nutrient solution). | 0 (control *) | 0 (control *) | 0 (control *) | 0 (control *) |
0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | |
0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | |
0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | |
Concentration and chemical form of iodine in nutrient solution (the same for each treatments in separateexperiment) ** | Control * (0.0204 µM I) | KIO3 | 5-ISA | 3,5-diISA |
(potassium iodate) | (5-iodosalicylic acid) | (3,5-diiodo-salicylic acid) | ||
10 µM | 10 µM | 10 µM | ||
(10 µM I) | (10 µM I) | (20 µM I) | ||
Growing season | Autumn | Autumn | Autumn-winter | Autumn-winter |
Seed sowing | 28 August 2018 | 28 August 2018 | 22 October 2018 | 22 October 2018 |
Planting seedlings to NFT gutter | 20 September 2018 | 20 September 2018 | 16 November 2018 | 16 November 2018 |
Iodine and vanadium application in rosette stage of plants. | 05 October 2018 | 05 October 2018 | 07 December 2018 | 07 December 2018 |
Harvest of the lettuce heads (number of days after sowing/after planting seedlings to NFT gutter) | 05 November 2018 (69/46 days) | 05 November 2018 (69/46 days) | 08 January 2019 (78/53 days) | 08 January 2019 (78/53 days) |
Parameters | ||||
Temperature for heating strategy (day/night) | 16 °C/10 °C | 16 °C/10 °C | 16 °C/10 °C | 16 °C/10 °C |
Temperature for ventilation strategy (day/night) | 22 °C/15 °C | 22 °C/15 °C | 22 °C/15 °C | 22 °C/15 °C |
Hours of natural light supplementation with 600-W high-pressure sodium lamps | 5.00–8.00 and 16.00–19.00 | 5.00–8.00 and 16.00–19.00 | 5.00–8.00 and 16.00–19.00 | 5.00–8.00 and 16.00–19.00 |
Exp. No. | Treatments | Leaf Biomass (Lettuce Head, g) | Root Biomass from One Plant (g) | Whole Plant Biomass (Roots + Leaves, g) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Control | 238.5 ± 6.06a | 22.6 ± 0.72a | 261.1 ± 6.60a |
0.05 µM V | 253.1 ± 12.78a | 25.1 ± 1.60a | 278.3 ± 13.94a | |
0.10 µM V | 267.6 ± 5.21a | 27.1 ± 1.14a | 294.8 ± 4.62a | |
0.20 µM V | 269.7 ± 3.51a | 27.4 ± 1.05a | 297.0 ± 3.04a | |
0.40 µM V | 247.4 ± 18.76a | 24.4 ± 1.59a | 271.8 ± 19.68a | |
2 | Cont. + KIO3 | 254.4 ± 3.37a | 23.8 ± 0.63a | 278.1 ± 3.43a |
0.05 µM V + KIO3 | 233.8 ± 3.74a | 23.6 ± 0.86a | 257.3 ± 3.71a | |
0.10 µM V + KIO3 | 246.7 ± 14.74a | 25.5 ± 1.26a | 272.2 ± 15.03a | |
0.20 µM V + KIO3 | 252.5 ± 8.37a | 24.8 ± 1.58a | 277.3 ± 9.59a | |
0.40 µM V + KIO3 | 245.6 ± 13.26a | 21.4 ± 1.79a | 267.0 ± 14.94a | |
3 | Cont. + 5-ISA | 29.50 ± 1.14a | 4.50 ± 0.46a | 34.0 ± 1.58a |
0.05 µM V + 5-ISA | 29.25 ± 1.90a | 4.88 ± 0.47a | 34.1 ± 2.37a | |
0.10 µM V + 5-ISA | 28.50 ± 1.85a | 4.38 ± 0.55a | 32.9 ± 2.11a | |
0.20 µM V + 5-ISA | 27.33 ± 1.85a | 4.25 ± 0.60a | 31.6 ± 2.16a | |
0.40 µM V + 5-ISA | 32.38 ± 0.80a | 4.13 ± 0.24a | 36.5 ± 0.79a | |
4 | Cont. + 3,5-diISA | 40.94 ± 3.36ab | 3.59 ± 0.30ab | 44.5 ± 3.64ab |
0.05 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 39.38 ± 1.14ab | 4.69 ± 0.18bc | 44.1 ± 1.16ab | |
0.10 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 43.13 ± 4.29ab | 5.63 ± 0.26c | 48.8 ± 4.51b | |
0.20 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 49.22 ± 2.98b | 5.16 ± 0.47c | 54.4 ± 3.20b | |
0.40 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 29.84 ± 2.82a | 3.13 ± 0.26a | 33.0 ± 3.05a |
Exp. No. | Treatments | Content of Iodine (mg I∙kg−1 D.W.) | |
---|---|---|---|
in Leaves | in Roots | ||
1 | Control | 0.21 ± 0.006a | 2.91 ± 0.440a |
0.05 µM V | 0.51 ± 0.009d | 10.46 ± 0.149b | |
0.10 µM V | 0.55 ± 0.005e | 12.89 ± 0.252c | |
0.20 µM V | 0.29 ± 0.003b | 15.21 ± 0.156d | |
0.40 µM V | 0.32 ± 0.002c | 17.43 ± 0.345e | |
2 | Cont. + KIO3 | 10.56 ± 0.184d | 33.51 ± 0.565a |
0.05 µM V + KIO3 | 8.01 ± 0.044b | 45.77 ± 1.256c | |
0.10 µM V + KIO3 | 9.14 ± 0.140c | 52.88 ± 1.117d | |
0.20 µM V + KIO3 | 8.65 ± 0.285bc | 35.41 ± 0.163b | |
0.40 µM V + KIO3 | 6.99 ± 0.146a | 46.80 ± 1.019c | |
3 | Cont. + 5-ISA | 286.77 ± 3.462b | 1 111.30 ± 20.512a |
0.05 µM V + 5-ISA | 243.50 ± 0.583a | 1 029.87 ± 4.949b | |
0.10 µM V + 5-ISA | 247.68 ± 7.197a | 941.42 ± 11.650a | |
0.20 µM V + 5-ISA | 233.31 ± 1.982a | 919.30 ± 18.200a | |
0.40 µM V + 5-ISA | 238.82 ± 1.480a | 943.14 ± 7.584a | |
4 | Cont. + 3,5-diISA | 9.68 ± 0.084b | 646.79 ± 54.627bc |
0.05 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 8.82 ± 0.036a | 678.97 ± 34.856bc | |
0.10 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 12.11 ± 0.127d | 764.66 ± 18.047c | |
0.20 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 9.50 ± 0.329ab | 603.05 ± 19.232ab | |
0.40 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 11.23 ± 0.135c | 466.95 ± 36.763a |
Exp. No. | Treatments | Iodine Uptake | Vanadium Uptake | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
by Single Head (μg I∙head−1) | by Roots (μg I roots∙plant −1) | by Whole Plant (Head + Roots) (μg I plant −1) | by Single Head (μg V∙head−1) | by Roots (μg V roots∙plant −1) | by Whole Plant (Head + Roots) (μg V plant −1) | ||
1 | Control | 1.85 ± 0.05a | 1.92 ± 0.1a | 3.76 ± 0.1a | 8.54 ± 0.2a | 1.95 ± 0.1a | 10.49 ± 0.2a |
0.05 µM V | 4.99 ± 0.09c | 8.28 ± 0.1b | 13.27 ± 0.1b | 9.44 ± 0.1bc | 4.26 ± 0.1b | 13.70 ± 0.1b | |
0.10 µM V | 5.60 ± 0.04d | 12.61 ± 0.2c | 18.20 ± 0.2d | 10.09 ± 0.2c | 9.34 ± 0.1c | 19.43 ± 0.1c | |
0.20 µM V | 3.03 ± 0.03b | 13.95 ± 0.1d | 16.98 ± 0.1c | 9.93 ± 0.2c | 10.98 ± 0.7d | 20.91 ± 0.6c | |
0.40 µM V | 3.15 ± 0.02b | 14.37 ± 0.3d | 17.52 ± 0.2cd | 8.76 ± 0.2ab | 19.10 ± 0.1e | 27.86 ± 0.1d | |
2 | Cont. + KIO3 | 106.0 ± 1.8c | 24.5 ± 0.4a | 130.5 ± 2.1d | 9.51 ± 0.1bc | 1.19 ± 0. 1a | 10.7 ± 0.1a |
0.05 µM V + KIO3 | 75.4 ± 0.4a | 33.7 ± 0.9b | 109.2 ± 0.8ab | 8.43 ± 0.1a | 3.86 ± 0.1b | 12.3 ± 0.1a | |
0.10 µM V + KIO3 | 84.5 ± 1.3b | 36.9 ± 0.8c | 121.4 ± 1.9c | 8.57 ± 0.2a | 6.71 ± 0.1c | 15.3 ± 0.3b | |
0.20 µM V + KIO3 | 85.5 ± 2.8b | 31.3 ± 0.1b | 116.8 ± 2.7bc | 8.81 ± 0.1ab | 10.36 ± 0.1d | 19.2 ± 0.2c | |
0.40 µM V + KIO3 | 70.0 ± 1.5a | 31.8 ± 0.7b | 101.7 ± 1.3a | 9.59 ± 0.1c | 16.14 ± 1.2e | 25.7 ± 1.2d | |
3 | Cont. + 5-ISA | 502.8 ± 6.0b | 218.0 ± 4.0b | 720.9 ± 8.8ab | 2.73 ± 0.1a | 0.11 ± 0.1a | 2.83 ± 0.1a |
0.05 µM V + 5-ISA | 469.4 ± 1.1a | 256.3 ± 1.2c | 725.7 ± 2.2b | 3.03 ± 0.1ab | 0.48 ± 0.1b | 3.51 ± 0.1a | |
0.10 µM V + 5-ISA | 511.6 ± 14.8b | 221.7 ± 2.7b | 733.4 ± 14.5b | 3.58 ± 0.1b | 1.20 ± 0.1c | 4.78 ± 0.1b | |
0.20 µM V + 5-ISA | 457.8 ± 3.8a | 229.0 ± 4.5b | 686.8 ± 2.5a | 3.44 ± 0.1b | 4.03 ± 0.1d | 7.47 ± 0.1c | |
0.40 µM V + 5-ISA | 531.8 ± 3.3b | 171.5 ± 1.5a | 703.3 ± 2.7a | 3.67 ± 0.1b | 6.19 ± 0.1e | 9.86 ± 0.3d | |
4 | Cont. + 3,5-diISA | 28.1 ± 0.2b | 164.8 ± 13.9b | 192.8 ± 13.8b | 4.68 ± 0.1bc | 0.33 ± 0.1a | 5.01 ± 0.1a |
0.05 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 23.9 ± 0.1a | 226.2 ± 11.6c | 250.1 ± 11.7c | 4.13 ± 0.2b | 1.63 ± 0.1b | 5.76 ± 0.2a | |
0.10 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 37.1 ± 0.4d | 322.9 ± 7.6d | 360.3 ± 8.0d | 4.83 ± 0.2c | 3.17 ± 0.1c | 8.00 ± 0.2b | |
0.20 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 31.7 ± 1.1c | 223.6 ± 7.1c | 256.8 ± 6.9c | 6.06 ± 0.1d | 6.76 ± 0.1d | 12.82 ± 0.1c | |
0.40 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 22.0 ± 0.2a | 107.4 ± 8.5a | 127.4 ± 8.3a | 3.40 ± 0.1a | 8.63 ± 0.1e | 12.03 ± 0.2c |
Exp. No. | Treatments | Content of Vanadium (mg V∙kg−1 D.W.) | |
---|---|---|---|
in Leaves | in Roots | ||
1 | Control | 0.95 ± 0.024ab | 2.96 ± 0.027a |
0.05 µM V | 0.96 ± 0.011ab | 5.38 ± 0.035b | |
0.10 µM V | 0.99 ± 0.014b | 9.55 ± 0.146c | |
0.20 µM V | 0.95 ± 0.018ab | 11.98 ± 0.802d | |
0.40 µM V | 0.90 ± 0.021a | 23.18 ± 0.111e | |
2 | Cont. + KIO3 | 0.95 ± 0.015a | 1.64 ± 0.014a |
0.05 µM V + KIO3 | 0.89 ± 0.019a | 5.24 ± 0.115b | |
0.10 µM V + KIO3 | 0.93 ± 0.024a | 9.45 ± 0.169c | |
0.20 µM V + KIO3 | 0.89 ± 0.018a | 13.51 ± 0.115d | |
0.40 µM V + KIO3 | 0.96 ± 0.009a | 23.76 ± 1.846e | |
3 | Cont. + 5-ISA | 1.55 ± 0.018a | 0.56 ± 0.009a |
0.05 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.57 ± 0.077a | 1.94 ± 0.033b | |
0.10 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.73 ± 0.029a | 5.11 ± 0.072c | |
0.20 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.75 ± 0.039a | 16.19 ± 0.169d | |
0.40 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.25 ± 0.132a | 34.05 ± 0.581e | |
4 | Cont. + 3,5-diISA | 1.62 ± 0.027 a | 1.29 ± 0.081a |
0.05 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.53 ± 0.079 a | 4.90 ± 0.051b | |
0.10 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.58 ± 0.083 a | 7.50 ± 0.059c | |
0.20 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.82 ± 0.022 a | 18.23 ± 0.053d | |
0.40 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.73 ± 0.045 a | 37.50 ± 0.582e |
Exp. No. | Treatments | vHPO Activity (U∙µg−1 protein) | |
---|---|---|---|
in Leaves | in Roots | ||
1 | Control | 0.298 ± 0.021a | 3.110 ± 0.036a |
0.05 µM V | 0.505 ± 0.040ab | 5.163 ± 0.012a | |
0.10 µM V | 0.728 ± 0.010bc | 5.413 ± 0.007a | |
0.20 µM V | 1.243 ± 0.011d | 3.690 ± 0.006a | |
0.40 µM V | 0.903 ± 0.040c | 3.548 ± 0.014a | |
2 | Cont. + KIO3 | 1.213 ± 0.030bc | 3.000 ± 0.043ab |
0.05 µM V + KIO3 | 0.310 ± 0.010a | 2.840 ± 0.027ab | |
0.10 µM V + KIO3 | 0.465 ± 0.022ab | 1.645 ± 0.009a | |
0.20 µM V + KIO3 | 0.238 ± 0.020a | 2.883 ± 0.030ab | |
0.40 µM V + KIO3 | 1.908 ± 0.010c | 5.105 ± 0.010b | |
3 | Cont. + 5-ISA | 1.585 ± 0.040b | 0.750 ± 0.041a |
0.05 µM V + 5-ISA | 0.910 ± 0.020ab | 0.484 ± 0.078a | |
0.10 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.385 ± 0.052b | 0.593 ± 0.051a | |
0.20 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.088 ± 0.01b | 0.590 ± 0.015a | |
0.40 µM V + 5-ISA | 0.568 ± 0.020a | 0.530 ± 0.052a | |
4 | Cont. + 3,5-diISA | 1.066 ± 0.027b | 0.397 ± 0.061a |
0.05 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 0.901 ± 0.008b | 0.313 ± 0.060a | |
0.10 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 0.587 ± 0.005ab | 0.342 ± 0.063a | |
0.20 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 0.499 ± 0.014ab | 0.347 ± 0.059a | |
0.40 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 0.263 ± 0.005a | 0.421 ± 0.080a |
Exp. No. | Part of Plants | Treatments | (mg∙kg−1 D.W.) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BeA | SA | 5-ISA | 3,5-diISA | 2-IBeA | 4-IBeA | 2,3,5-TIBA | T3 | |||
1 | Leaves | Control | 2.18 ± 0.83a | 2.86 ± 0.07b | 2.92 ± 0.01b | 4.78 ± 0.28b | 2.12 ± 0.05b | 2.04 ± 0.06b | 2.13 ± 0.08b | 1.34 ± 0.10a |
0.05 µM V | 3.49 ± 0.64a | 2.79 ± 0.01b | 2.96 ± 0.04b | 5.01 ± 0.09b | 2.06 ± 0.03b | 1.98 ± 0.03b | 2.13 ± 0.01b | 1.01 ± 0.08a | ||
0.10 µM V | 2.38 ± 0.43a | 2.82 ± 0.04b | 3.11 ± 0.06b | 5.26 ± 0.13b | 2.14 ± 0.03b | 2.12 ± 0.05b | 2.21 ± 0.05b | 1.14 ± 0.07a | ||
0.20 µM V | 4.19 ± 0.45a | 3.33 ± 0.03c | 4.09 ± 0.03c | 6.91 ± 0.05c | 2.75 ± 0.03c | 2.92 ± 0.06c | 2.96 ± 0.07c | 1.45 ± 0.07a | ||
0.40 µM V | 2.45 ± 0.15a | 1.83 ± 0.05a | 1.93 ± 0.06a | 3.32 ± 0.09a | 1.36 ± 0.03a | 1.73 ± 0.04a | 1.49 ± 0.03a | 1.26 ± 0.39a | ||
Roots | Control | 4.79 ± 1.60a | 1.51 ± 0.02e | 0.02 ± 0.001b | 0.03 ± 0.002a | 0.033 ± 0.003a | 0.039 ± 0.001bc | 0.022 ± 0.001a | 33.02 ± 0.56d | |
0.05 µM V | 2.67 ± 0.95a | 1.21 ± 0.01d | 0.02 ± 0.002ab | 0.02 ± 0.003a | 0.026 ± 0.005a | 0.042 ± 0.002c | 0.025 ± 0.003a | 24.38 ± 0.85bc | ||
0.10 µM V | 3.32 ± 0.51a | 1.04 ± 0.01c | 0.02 ± 0.001ab | 0.04 ± 0.006a | 0.033 ± 0.002a | 0.048 ± 0.002c | 0.137 ± 0.107a | 26.14 ± 0.49c | ||
0.20 µM V | 4.35 ± 1.29a | 0.78 ± 0.01a | 0.02 ± 0.001a | 0.03 ± 0.001a | 0.028 ± 0.001a | 0.029 ± 0.004b | 0.026 ± 0.001a | 20.19 ± 1.23a | ||
0.40 µM V | 3.91 ± 0.55a | 0.87 ± 0.02b | 0.02 ± 0.001a | 0.02 ± 0.001a | 0.035 ± 0.002a | 0.014 ± 0.002a | 0.023 ± 0.001a | 21.59 ± 0.61ab | ||
2 | Leaves | Cont. + KIO3 | 3.52 ± 0.33ab | 1.04 ± 0.01c | 0.45 ± 0.005a | 0.80 ± 0.016b | 0.38 ± 0.019a | 0.46 ± 0.010a | 0.39 ± 0.005a | 1.35 ± 0.08a |
0.05 µM V + KIO3 | 2.49 ± 0.39a | 0.93 ± 0.01b | 0.46 ± 0.008a | 0.81 ± 0.011b | 0.37 ± 0.006a | 0.49 ± 0.037a | 0.38 ± 0.006a | 1.26 ± 0.20a | ||
0.10 µM V + KIO3 | 2.25 ± 0.49a | 0.92 ± 0.01b | 0.45 ± 0.007a | 0.81 ± 0.014b | 0.43 ± 0.058a | 0.46 ± 0.004a | 0.40 ± 0.019a | 1.57 ± 0.20a | ||
0.20 µM V + KIO3 | 3.87 ± 1.33ab | 1.15 ± 0.01d | 0.46 ± 0.004a | 0.72 ± 0.027a | 0.39 ± 0.007a | 0.51 ± 0.012a | 0.39 ± 0.007a | 1.44 ± 0.05a | ||
0.40 µM V + KIO3 | 5.77 ± 0.46b | 0.52 ± 0.01a | 0.45 ± 0.005a | 0.81 ± 0.005b | 0.40 ± 0.012a | 0.49 ± 0.008a | 0.41 ± 0.005a | 1.82 ± 0.30a | ||
Roots | Cont. + KIO3 | 2.45 ± 0.64a | 0.73 ± 0.01a | 0.025 ± 0.001c | 0.13 ± 0.005b | 0.028 ± 0.002a | 0.023 ± 0.002a | 0.021 ± 0.001a | 24.43 ± 0.94a | |
0.05 µM V + KIO3 | 2.18 ± 0.22a | 0.83 ± 0.02b | 0.013 ± 0.001a | 0.03 ± 0.002a | 0.034 ± 0.002a | 0.018 ± 0.003a | 0.022 ± 0.001a | 22.35 ± 1.15a | ||
0.10 µM V + KIO3 | 1.94 ± 0.72a | 0.76 ± 0.02ab | 0.016 ± 0.001ab | 0.03 ± 0.002a | 0.031 ± 0.003a | 0.020 ± 0.004a | 0.021 ± 0.002a | 26.33 ± 1.38a | ||
0.20 µM V + KIO3 | 1.37 ± 0.33a | 1.37 ± 0.02c | 0.019 ± 0.001b | 0.03 ± 0.002a | 0.027 ± 0.004a | 0.027 ± 0.005a | 0.022 ± 0.003a | 26.30 ± 1.73a | ||
0.40 µM V + KIO3 | 2.33 ± 0.38a | 0.73 ± 0.01a | 0.031 ± 0.001d | 0.41 ± 0.004c | 0.075 ± 0.011a | 0.028 ± 0.002a | 0.039 ± 0.000a | 23.75 ± 0.89a | ||
3 | Leaves | Cont. + 5-ISA | 0.81 ± 0.17a | 1.14 ± 0.33a | 2.38 ± 0.07c | 0.20 ± 0.009a | 0.09 ± 0.002a | 0.12 ± 0.005a | 0.10 ± 0.003a | 7.50 ± 0.49a |
0.05 µM V + 5-ISA | 0.94 ± 0.26a | 1.16 ± 0.01a | 1.95 ± 0.06b | 0.26 ± 0.012b | 0.09 ± 0.005a | 0.12 ± 0.006a | 0.10 ± 0.005a | 8.30 ± 0.53a | ||
0.10 µM V + 5-ISA | 0.72 ± 0.25a | 1.24 ± 0.04a | 1.90 ± 0.04b | 0.23 ± 0.021ab | 0.09 ± 0.003a | 0.10 ± 0.001a | 0.10 ± 0.001a | 8.38 ± 0.15a | ||
0.20 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.20 ± 0.36a | 1.18 ± 0.05a | 1.24 ± 0.02a | 0.18 ± 0.009a | 0.09 ± 0.009a | 0.10 ± 0.010a | 0.10 ± 0.002a | 8.07 ± 0.46a | ||
0.40 µM V + 5-ISA | 0.99 ± 0.26a | 1.40 ± 0.05a | 1.92 ± 0.06b | 0.23 ± 0012ab | 0.09 ± 0.003a | 0.10 ± 0.003a | 0.10 ± 0.001a | 7.13 ± 0.36a | ||
Roots | Cont. + 5-ISA | 0.86 ± 0.13a | 16.47 ± 0.61c | 14.24 ± 0.24a | 30.3 ± 0.26a | 0.07 ± 0.005b | 0.03 ± 0.004ab | 0.03 ± 0.004a | 9.70 ± 0.18b | |
0.05 µM V + 5-ISA | 2.54 ± 0.55b | 8.80 ± 0.13a | 28.18 ± 0.33e | 31.0 ± 0.60a | 0.06 ± 0.001a | 0.03 ± 0.003ab | 0.02 ± 0.002a | 6.47 ± 0.07a | ||
0.10 µM V + 5-ISA | 2.30 ± 0.36ab | 10.37 ± 0.40b | 16.34 ± 0.73b | 42.8 ± 2.08c | 0.07 ± 0.002ab | 0.05 ± 0.003b | 0.02 ± 0.001a | 6.48 ± 0.73a | ||
0.20 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.84 ± 0.09ab | 11.12 ± 0.15b | 21.34 ± 0.27d | 36.1 ± 0.18b | 0.07 ± 0.001ab | 0.03 ± 0.002a | 0.03 ± 0.007a | 7.72 ± 1.08ab | ||
0.40 µM V + 5-ISA | 1.52 ± 0.45ab | 8.11 ± 0.14a | 18.79 ± 0.30c | 35.6 ± 0.21b | 0.07 ± 0.003ab | 0.03 ± 0.005a | 0.03 ± 0.002a | 6.10 ± 0.46a | ||
4 | Leaves | Cont. + 3,5-diISA | 1.22 ± 0.37a | 0.64 ± 0.03c | 0.24 ± 0.004a | 10.46 ± 0.41c | 0.08 ± 0.007a | 0.09 ± 0.004a | 0.09 ± 0.003a | 10.52 ± 0.24a |
0.05 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 0.83 ± 0.19a | 0.69 ± 0.01c | 0.26 ± 0.002ab | 6.28 ± 0.06a | 0.09 ± 0.007a | 0.08 ± 0.005a | 0.10 ± 0.005ab | 11.12 ± 0.27ab | ||
0.10 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 0.98 ± 0.15a | 0.53 ± 0.01b | 0.31 ± 0.005b | 7.62 ± 0.26b | 0.09 ± 0.004a | 0.09 ± 0.008a | 0.11 ± 0.005ab | 13.36 ± 0.73c | ||
0.20 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.80 ± 0.63a | 0.41 ± 0.02a | 0.27 ± 0.004c | 8.07 ± 0.04b | 0.10 ± 0.003a | 0.09 ± 0.002a | 0.11 ± 0.005ab | 14.44 ± 0.37c | ||
0.40 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.64 ± 0.36a | 0.55 ± 0.01b | 0.35 ± 0.011d | 11.38 ± 0.28c | 0.10 ± 0.010a | 0.11 ± 0.011a | 0.12 ± 0.007b | 12.96 ± 0.52bc | ||
Roots | Cont. + 3,5-diISA | 1.33 ± 0.43a | 5.91 ± 0.08c | 3.34 ± 0.04a | 701.8 ± 2.31a | 0.03 ± 0.001b | 0.013 ± 0.002b | 0.003 ± 0.0006ab | 8.20 ± 0.93a | |
0.05 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 2.54 ± 0.41a | 6.68 ± 0.03d | 4.99 ± 0.02c | 712.4 ± 4.58a | 0.02 ± 0.001a | 0.011 ± 0.001ab | 0.005 ± 0.0001b | 9.41 ± 0.89a | ||
0.10 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.54 ± 0.41a | 6.79 ± 0.06d | 3.07 ± 0.04a | 694.4 ± 11.33a | 0.01 ± 0.001a | 0.009 ± 0.001ab | 0.003 ± 0.0004ab | 10.61 ± 0.25a | ||
0.20 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.88 ± 0.40a | 5.54 ± 0.02b | 3.20 ± 0.02a | 716.7 ± 5.02a | 0.01 ± 0.001a | 0.007 ± 0.0008ab | 0.001 ± 0.0003a | 9.69 ± 0.79a | ||
0.40 µM V + 3,5-diISA | 1.80 ± 0.77a | 5.24 ± 0.06a | 3.72 ± 0.13b | 681.9 ± 14.15a | 0.04 ± 0.001c | 0.005 ± 0.0006a | 0.002 ± 0.0005ab | 8.89 ± 0.38a |
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Smoleń, S.; Kowalska, I.; Halka, M.; Ledwożyw-Smoleń, I.; Grzanka, M.; Skoczylas, Ł.; Czernicka, M.; Pitala, J. SelectedAspects of Iodate and Iodosalicylate Metabolism in Lettuce Including the Activity of Vanadium Dependent Haloperoxidases as Affected by Exogenous Vanadium. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010001
Smoleń S, Kowalska I, Halka M, Ledwożyw-Smoleń I, Grzanka M, Skoczylas Ł, Czernicka M, Pitala J. SelectedAspects of Iodate and Iodosalicylate Metabolism in Lettuce Including the Activity of Vanadium Dependent Haloperoxidases as Affected by Exogenous Vanadium. Agronomy. 2020; 10(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleSmoleń, Sylwester, Iwona Kowalska, Mariya Halka, Iwona Ledwożyw-Smoleń, Marlena Grzanka, Łukasz Skoczylas, Małgorzata Czernicka, and Joanna Pitala. 2020. "SelectedAspects of Iodate and Iodosalicylate Metabolism in Lettuce Including the Activity of Vanadium Dependent Haloperoxidases as Affected by Exogenous Vanadium" Agronomy 10, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010001