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Polymers
Volume 17
Issue 21
10.3390/polym17212857
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Article

Steel Plates Versus Hybrid CFRP/Steel Stirrups for Strengthening of Shear-Deficient Concrete Wide Beams Supporting Columns

by
Omar Al-Hamed
,
Aref Abadel
,
Tarek Almusallam
,
Hussein Elsanadedy
,
Husain Abbas
and
Yousef Al-Salloum
*
Chair of Research and Studies in Strengthening and Rehabilitation of Structures, Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2025, 17(21), 2857; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17212857
Submission received: 2 September 2025 / Revised: 22 October 2025 / Accepted: 24 October 2025 / Published: 26 October 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Processing and Engineering)
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Abstract

Joist floor systems are usually employed in buildings of the Middle Eastern regions. These systems usually have reinforced concrete (RC) wide beams, which in many cases have planted columns in non-seismic regions due to architectural requirements. Changes in building use can increase the loads on these columns, which may increase the shear demand of beams to a level that may exceed their capacity. Consequently, upgrading of such wide beams against shear is crucial. This study investigates two strengthening techniques to enhance the shear performance of RC wide beams with planted columns through experimental testing and analytical evaluation. Four half-scale specimens were tested: two unstrengthened beams (one code-compliant and one shear-deficient) and two strengthened beams, using either externally bonded steel plates or a combination of CFRP U-wraps with planted steel U-stirrups. The performance of the retrofitting schemes was assessed based on failure modes and load-deflection responses. The second strengthening scheme improved the shear resistance of wide beams by 82% compared to the control specimen. Additionally, the shear capacity of the tested beams was analytically predicted, and the results were compared with the test findings, providing insights into the effectiveness of both strengthening methods.
Keywords: shear strengthening; RC wide beams; planted columns; steel plates; planted steel stirrups; testing; analytical modeling shear strengthening; RC wide beams; planted columns; steel plates; planted steel stirrups; testing; analytical modeling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al-Hamed, O.; Abadel, A.; Almusallam, T.; Elsanadedy, H.; Abbas, H.; Al-Salloum, Y. Steel Plates Versus Hybrid CFRP/Steel Stirrups for Strengthening of Shear-Deficient Concrete Wide Beams Supporting Columns. Polymers 2025, 17, 2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17212857

AMA Style

Al-Hamed O, Abadel A, Almusallam T, Elsanadedy H, Abbas H, Al-Salloum Y. Steel Plates Versus Hybrid CFRP/Steel Stirrups for Strengthening of Shear-Deficient Concrete Wide Beams Supporting Columns. Polymers. 2025; 17(21):2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17212857

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al-Hamed, Omar, Aref Abadel, Tarek Almusallam, Hussein Elsanadedy, Husain Abbas, and Yousef Al-Salloum. 2025. "Steel Plates Versus Hybrid CFRP/Steel Stirrups for Strengthening of Shear-Deficient Concrete Wide Beams Supporting Columns" Polymers 17, no. 21: 2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17212857

APA Style

Al-Hamed, O., Abadel, A., Almusallam, T., Elsanadedy, H., Abbas, H., & Al-Salloum, Y. (2025). Steel Plates Versus Hybrid CFRP/Steel Stirrups for Strengthening of Shear-Deficient Concrete Wide Beams Supporting Columns. Polymers, 17(21), 2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17212857

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