Shear Bond Strength of Resin Luting Materials to Lithium Disilicate Ceramic: Correlation between Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Resin Cements and Self-Etch Adhesives
2.2. Preparation of Lithium Disilicate Ceramics (LDS, IPS e.max CAD)
2.3. Measurement of Shear Bond Strengths to LDS
2.4. Measurement of Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus of Elasticity
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Shear Bond Strength to LDS
3.2. Flexural Strength
3.3. Flexural Modulus of Elasticity
3.4. Correlation
4. Discussion
4.1. Shear Bond Strength to LDS
4.2. Shear Bond Strength to LDS: After Immediate Setting to One Day of Storage
4.3. Shear Bond Strength to LDS: After One Day of Storage to TC 20k
4.4. Relation to Flexural Strength and Flexural Modulus of Elasticity
4.5. Limitations
5. Conclusions
- As a result of the analysis of 33 combinations of self-cure vs. dual-cure mode regarding shear bond strength to LDS, no significant difference was shown in 70% of the analyzed resin cements.
- Multiple linear regression analyses using shear bond strength to LDS, flexural strength, and flexural modulus of elasticity as independent factors, showed this relationship: a shear bond strength of 17.877 + 0.166, a flexural strength of 0.643, and a flexural modulus of R2 = 0.260, n = 69, p < 0.001).
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Product | Composition | Manufacturer | Batch No. |
---|---|---|---|
RelyX Universal Resin Cement | Surface-treated glass powder filler, phosphate ester monomer, TEGDMA, diurethane dimethacrylate, silica filler, initiator, titanium dioxide. | 3M, Seefeld, Germany | 7304443 |
RelyX Ultimate | Surface-treated glass powder filler, phosphate ester monomer, TEGDMA, 1,12-dodecane dimethaycrylate, silica filler, initiator, calcium hydroxide, titanium dioxide, filler content: 43 vol%, 70 wt.%, | 3M, Seefeld, Germany | 6798079 |
RelyX Unicem 2 Automix | Surface-treated glass powder filler, phosphate ester monomer, TEGDMA, 1,12-dodecane dimethaycrylate, silica filler, initiator, calcium hydroxide, sodium p-toluensulfinatet, methacrylated amine, titanium dioxide, filler content: 43 vol%, 70 wt.%. | 3M, Seefeld, Germany | 6485786 |
PANAVIA V5 | Paste A: bis-GMA, TEGDMA, hydrophobic aromatic dimethacrylate, hydrophilic aliphatic dimethacrylate, initiators, accelerators, silanated barium glass filler, silanated fluoroalminosilicate glass filler, colloidal silica. Paste B: bis-GMA, hydrophobic aromatic dimethacrylate, hydrophilic aliphatic dimethacrylate, silanated barium glass filler, silanated alminium oxide filler, accelerators, dl-camphorquinone, pigments, filler content: 38 vol%, 61 wt.%. | Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tainai, Niigata, Japan | 2Q0128 |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal (Automix) | Paste A: MDP, bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA, silanated barium glass filler, silanated colloidal silica, dl-camphorquinone, peroxide, catalysts, pigments. Paste B: hydrophobic aromatic dimethacrylate, silane coupling agent, silanated barium glass filler, aluminum oxide filler, surface-treated sodium fluoride (less than 1%), dl-camphorquinone, accelerators, pigments, filler content: 40 vol%, 62 wt.%. | Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tainai, Niigata, Japan | BL0037 |
G-Cem ONE | Fluoro-alumino-silicate-glass, dimethacrylate, phosphoric ester monomer, silicone dioxide, initiator. | GC Corporation,Tokyo, Japan | 2012171 |
ESTECEM II | Paste A: bis-GMA, TEGDMA, bis-MPEPP, silica–zirconia filler. Paste B: bis-GMA, TEGDMA, bis-MPEPP, silica–zirconia filler, camphorquinone, peroxide, filler content: 74 wt.%. | Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan | 078001 |
SpeedCEM Plus | Monomer matrix: dimethacrylates and acidic monomers. Inorganic filler: barium glass, ytterbium trifluoride, co-polymerand highly dispersed silicon dioxide. Additional contents: initiators, stabilizers, color pigments (<1%). Inorganic fillers: 0.1–7 micro-meter, total content of inorganic filler: approx. 70 wt.%. | Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein | ZOOMRJ |
Variolink Esthetic DC | Monomer matrix: urethane dimethacrylate and further methacrylate monomers. Inorganic filler: mixed oxides, ytterbium trifluoride. Additional contents: initiators, stabilizers, pigments (<1%). Total content of inorganic filler: approx. 65 wt.%. | Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein | ZO1FPV |
ResiCem EX | Paste A: S-PRG filler, bis-GMA, silicate glass, initiators, others. Paste B: S-PRG filler, bis-GMA, silicate glass, initiators, others. Filler content: 65 wt.%, 45 vol.%. | Shofu, Kyoto, Japan | 062103 |
Nexus Universal Chroma | TEGDMA, urethane dimethacrylate, bisphenol A diglycidylmethacrylate (bis-GMA), GPDM, photoinitiator, redox initiator, bariumaluminosilicate glass filler, ytterbium fluoride, silica. Filler content: 43 vol.%, 68 wt.%. | Kerr, Orange CA, USA | 8224016 |
Super-Bond Universal | PMMA, 4-META, MMA, TBB, self-cure type (bulk-mix technique). | SUN MEDICAL, Moriyama, Japan | Universal Polymer: TW1, Quick Monomer: VK1, Catalyst V: TT22 |
Adhesive | Batch No. | Composition | Manufacturer | Surface Treatment of IPS e.max |
---|---|---|---|---|
Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive | 6840217 | Brominated dimethacrylate, HEMA, silane-treated silica, Vitrabond copolymer, MDP, initiators, silane, ethanol. | 3M, Seefeld, Germany | Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive (20 s)–air (5 s) |
Scotchbond Universal Adhesive | 596935 | bis-GMA, HEMA, decamethylene dimethacrylate, silane-treated silica, Vitrabond copolymer, MDP, initiators, silane, ethanol. | 3M, Seefeld, Germany | Scotchbond Universal Adhesive (20 s)–air (5 s) |
RelyX Ceramic Primer | NC25837 | Water, thyl alcohol, 3-methacryloxyoripyl trimethoxysilane. | 3M, Seefeld, Germany | RelyX Ceramic Primer–air (5 s) |
CLEAFIL CERAMIC PRIMER PLUS | 2R0052 | 3-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxysilane, MDP, ethanol. | Kuraray Noritake Dental, Tainai, Niigata, Japan | CLEAFIL CERAMIC PRIMER PLUS (1–2 s)–air (5 s) |
G-Multi PRIMER | 2104221 | Vinyl silane, phosphate ester monomer, thiophosphate ester monomer,methacrylic ester, ethanol | GC Corporation,Tokyo, Japan | G-Multi PRIMER application—air dry |
BONDMER lightless II | Liquid A: KA200731 Liquid B: KB200702 | Liquid A: phosphoric acid monomer (new 3D-SR monomer), MTU-6, HEMA, bis-GMA, TEGDMA, acetone, others. Liquid B: γ-MPTES, borate, peroxide, acetone, ethanol, water, others. | Tokuyama Dental, Tokyo, Japan | BONDMER lightless II (1-2 s)–air (5 s) |
Monobond Plus | ZO1LG8 | Phosphoric acid monomer, silane methacrylate, ethanol. | Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Schaan, Liechtenstein | Monobond Plus (60 s)–air |
BeautiBond Xtreme | 112003 | Acetone, water, bis-GMA, TEGDMA, phosphoric ester monomer, silane coupling agent, initiator, others. | Shofu, Kyoto, Japan | BeautiBond Xtreme (20 s)–air |
OptiBond eXTRa Universal | Adhesive: 8181793 | HEMA, dimethacrylate monomers, tri-functional methacrylate monomer, ethanol, photo-initiator, bariumaluminosilicate filler, silica, sodium hexafluorosilicate. | Kerr, Orange CA, USA | OptiBond eXTRa Adhesive (15 s)–air (5 s)–LED light (5 s) |
M&C Primer A and B | Liquid A: TV1, Liquid B: TV11 | M&C Primer A: MDP, VTD, MMA. Acetone M&C Primer B: γ-MPTS, MMA. | SUN MEDICAL, Moriyama, Japan | Mix (Liquid A + Liquid B,1–2 s)–air (5 s) |
Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive | 6840217 | Brominated dimethacrylate, HEMA, silane-treated silica, Vitrabond copolymer, MDP, initiators, silane, ethanol. | 3M, Seefeld, Germany | 8224016 |
Scotchbond Universal Adhesive | 596935 | Bis-GMA, HEMA, decamethylene dimethacrylate, silane-treated silica, Vitrabond copolymer, MDP, initiators, silane, ethanol. | 3M, Seefeld, Germany | Universal Polymer: TS1, Catalyst V: TT22 |
Resin Cement/Pretreating Agent | Cure Mode | Time | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Immediate | After One-Day Storage | TC 20k | ||
RelyX Universal Resin Cement/ Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive | Dual | 32.5 (5.0, 0) | 43.4 (5.1, 0) | 29.3 (3.3, 0) |
Self | 28.7 (4.6, 0) | 42.5 (4.3, 0) | 27.1 (4.2, 0) | |
RelyX Ultimate/Scotchbond Universal Adhesive | Dual | 31.8 (3.1, 0) | 35.5 (6.2, 0) | 22.3 (3.6, 0) |
Self | 14.7 (3.3, 0) | 33.2 (4.0, 0) | 24.4 (4.4, 0) | |
RelyX Unicem 2 Automix/ RelyX Ceramic Primer | Dual | 21.1 (4.0, 0) | 33.0 (4.9, 0) | 28.6 (2.8, 0) |
Self | 12.1 (2.7, 0) | 36.0 (5.8, 0) | 33.4 (5.5, 0) | |
PANAVIA V5/ Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus | Dual | 26.4 (5.9, 0) | 30.9 (4.0, 0) | 30.8 (3.7, 0) |
Self | 23.6 (6.6, 0) | 33.4 (5.8, 0) | 32.4 (4.0, 0) | |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal/None | Dual | 12.2 (3.9, 0) | 38.3 (3.7, 0) | 33.7 (6.6, 0) |
Self | 15.1 (3.7, 0) | 40.8 (5.7, 0) | 29.2 (5.2, 0) | |
G-Cem ONE/G-Multi PRIMER | Dual | 19.0 (3.8, 0) | 31.2 (4.6, 0) | 26.2 (3.4, 0) |
Self | 18.3 (3.0, 0) | 30.8 (3.7, 0) | 28.2 (4.9, 0) | |
ESTECEM II/ BONDMER Lightless II | Dual | 25.2 (4.8, 0) | 33.3 (6.0, 0) | 31.1 (4.9, 0) |
Self | 20.2 (4.3, 0) | 29.9 (5.7, 0) | 30.2 (2.3, 0) | |
SpeedCEM Plus/ Monobond Plus | Dual | 21.7 (3.7, 0) | 35.4 (5.2, 0) | 33.8 (3.1, 0) |
Self | 7.3 (1.8, 0) | 35.5 (4.0, 0) | 31.2 (3.4, 0) | |
Variolink Esthetic DC/ Monobond Plus | Dual | 30.2 (3.8, 0) | 41.6 (3.7, 0) | 35.8 (5.5, 0) |
Self | 18.2 (2.7, 0) | 39.1 (5.8, 0) | 35.3 (4.4, 0) | |
ResiCem EX/ BeautiBond Xtreme | Dual | 14.8 (3.1, 0) | 31.2 (3.3, 0) | 30.5 (3.3, 0) |
Self | 9.3 (3.2, 0) | 27.6 (2.5, 0) | 23.9 (3.5, 0) | |
Nexus Universal Chroma/ +OptiBond eXTRa Universal | Dual | 20.9 (2.9, 0) | 37.1 (6.1, 0) | 31.8 (4.6, 0) |
Self | 16.9 (2.6, 0) | 34.1 (4.4, 0) | 29.2 (3.6, 0) | |
Super-Bond Universal/M&C Primers A and B | Dual | ---- | ---- | ---- |
Self | 4.8 (1.2, 0) | 33.2 (3.8, 0) | 30.9 (1.6, 0) |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement/Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive | RelyX Ultimate/Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix/RelyX Ceramic Primer | PANAVIA V5/Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate f | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | TC 20k f | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | One-day f | One-day g |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal/None | G-Cem ONE/G-Multi PRIMER | ESTECEM II/BONDMER Lightless II | SpeedCEM Plus/Monobond Plus | ||||
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate f | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | TC 20k f | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | One-day f | One-day g |
Variolink Esthetic DC/Monobond Plus | ResiCem EX/BeautiBond Xtreme | Nexus Universal Chroma/OptiBond eXTRa Universal | Super-Bond Universal/M&C Primers A and B | ||||
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | - | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | - | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | - | One-day g |
Immediate | After One-Day Storage | After TC 20k | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode | Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode | Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a | Super-Bond Universal a | PANAVIA V5 a | ResiCem EX a | RelyX Ultimate a | ResiCem EX a |
ResiCem EX a b | SpeedCEM Plus a b | ResiCem EX a | G-Cem ONE a b | G-Cem ONE a b | RelyX Ultimate a |
ESTECEM II a b c | ResiCem EX a b c | G-Cem ONEa b | RelyX Ultimate a b c | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a b c | RelyX Universal Resin Cement a b |
G-Cem ONE b c | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix b c d | ESTECEM II a b | Super-Bond Universal a b c | RelyX Universal Resin Cement b c | G-Cem ONE a b c |
Nexus Universal Chroma c d | RelyX Ultimate c d e | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a b | PANAVIA V5 a b c | ResiCem EX b c d | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a b c |
RelyX Unicem 2 Automix c d | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal d e f | SpeedCEM Plus a b c | ESTECEM II a b c d | PANAVIA V5 b c d | Nexus Universal Chroma a b c |
SpeedCEM Plus c d | Nexus Universal Chroma d e f | RelyX Ultimate a b c | Nexus Universal Chroma a b c d | Nexus Universal Chromab c d | Super-Bond Universal b c |
PANAVIA V5 d e | G-Cem ONE e f g | Nexus Universal Chroma a b c d | SpeedCEM Plus b c d | ESTECEM II c d | SpeedCEM Plus b c |
Variolink Esthetic DC e f | ESTECEM II f g | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal b c d | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix b c d e | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal c d | PANAVIA V5 b c |
RelyX Ultimate e f | PANAVIA V5 g h | Variolink Esthetic DC c d | Variolink Esthetic DC c d e | SpeedCEM Plus c d | ESTECEM II b c |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement f | RelyX Universal Resin Cement h i | RelyX Universal Resin Cement d | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal d e | Variolink Esthetic DC d | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix c |
Variolink Esthetic DC i | RelyX Universal Resin Cement e | Variolink Esthetic DC c |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement/Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive | RelyX Ultimate/Scotchbond Universal Plus Adhesive | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix/RelyX Ceramic Primer | PANAVIA V5/Clearfil Ceramic Primer Plus | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k |
NS | NS | NS | S | NS | NS | S | NS | S | NS | NS | NS |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal/None | G-Cem ONE/ G-Multi PRIMER | ESTECEM II/ BONDMER Lightless II | SpeedCEM Plus/ Monobond Plus | ||||||||
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k |
NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | S | NS | NS | S | NS | NS |
Variolink Esthetic DC/ Monobond Plus | ResiCem EX/ BeautiBond Xtreme | Nexus Universal Chroma/ OptiBond eXTRa Universal | |||||||||
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | |||
S | NS | NS | S | S | S | S | NS | NS |
Resin Cement | Cure Mode | Time | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Immediate | After One-Day Storage | TC 20k | ||
RelyX Universal Resin Cement | Dual | 65.6 (0.3) | 117.5 (7.0) | 108.6 (8.8) |
Self | 18.8 (3.5) | 76.0 (3.9) | 68.6 (5.5) | |
RelyX Ultimate | Dual | 71.4 (4.6) | 119.4 (4.6) | 100.3 (4.9) |
Self | 15.6 (1.3) | 82.8 (6.9) | 68.0 (4.3) | |
RelyX Unicem 2 Automix | Dual | 71.9 (5.7) | 108.0 (6.8) | 83.8 (5.1) |
Self | 16.1 (2.8) | 78.7 (7.0) | 76.0 (7.8) | |
PANAVIA V5 | Dual | 35.8 (3.6) | 144.8 (8.2) | 121.9 (10.1) |
Self | 38.5 (4.2) | 95.1 (6.0) | 93.6 (4.9) | |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal (Automix) | Dual | 38.3 (3.6) | 109.3 (5.2) | 111.6 (9.8) |
Self | 17.2 (1.7) | 78.4 (6.8) | 84.9 (8.9) | |
G-Cem ONE | Dual | 44.6 (3.1) | 132.4 (7.1) | 106.9 (6.0) |
Self | 27.1 (5.8) | 92.8 (11.8) | 80.8 (7.4) | |
ESTECEM II | Dual | 123.1 (7.7) | 162.1 (11.7) | 146.4 (10.1) |
Self | 50.5 (8.7) | 94.4 (8.3) | 94.0 (8.4) | |
SpeedCEM Plus | Dual | 55.2 (8.0) | 107.7 (7.5) | 91.4 (8.3) |
Self | 22.7 (2.9) | 79.4 (5.8) | 59.1 (6.4) | |
Variolink Esthet DC | Dual | 38.2 (3.7) | 123.4 (5.7) | 104.2 (5.8) |
Self | 38.1 (6.5) | 94.5 (5.8) | 56.8 (7.7) | |
ResiCem EX | Dual | 75.8 (8.3) | 133.5 (6.2) | 122.4 (9.1) |
Self | 47.9 (6.0) | 91.1 (10.7) | 60.3 (5.1) | |
Nexus Universal Chroma | Dual | 42.6 (4.8) | 133.3 (9.2) | 114.2 (8.6) |
Self | 37.3 (7.1) | 75.5 (8.5) | 58.3 (6.6) | |
Super-Bond Universal | Dual | NA | NA | NA |
Self | 23.5 (4.7) | 100.6 (7.1) | 79.4 (6.6) |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement | RelyX Ultimate | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix | PANAVIA V5 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate f | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | TC 20k f | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | One-day f | One-day g |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal | G-Cem ONE | ESTECEM II | SpeedCEM Plus | ||||
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate f | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | TC 20k f | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | One-day f | One-day g |
Variolink Esthetic DC | ResiCem EX | Nexus Universal Chroma | Super-Bond Universal | ||||
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | - | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | - | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | - | One-day g |
Immediate | After One-Day Storage | After TC 20k | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode | Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode | Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode |
PANAVIA V5 a | RelyX Ultimate a | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a | Nexus Universal Chroma a | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a | Variolink Esthetic DC a |
Variolink Esthetic DC a b | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a b | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a b | RelyX Universal Resin Cement a | SpeedCEM Plus a b | Nexus Universal Chroma a b |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a b | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a b | SpeedCEM Plus a b c | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a | RelyX Ultimate b c | SpeedCEM Plus a b c |
Nexus Universal Chroma a b | RelyX Universal Resin Cement a b | RelyX Universal Resin Cement a b c | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a | Variolink Esthetic DC b c d | ResiCem EX a b c |
G-Cem ONE b | SpeedCEM Plus a b c | SpeedCEM Plus a | G-Cem ONE b c d | RelyX Ultimate b c d | |
SpeedCEM Plus c | Super-Bond Universal b c | Variolink Esthetic DCc d | RelyX Ultimate a b | RelyX Universal Resin Cement c d | RelyX Universal Resin Cement c d |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement d | G-Cem ONE c | G-Cem ONE d | ResiCem EX b c | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal c d e | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix d e |
RelyX Ultimate d e | Nexus Universal Chroma d | Nexus Universal Chroma d | G-Cem ONE b c | Nexus Universal Chromad e | Super-Bond Universal e |
RelyX Unicem 2 Automix d e | Variolink Esthetic DC d | ResiCem EX d | ESTECEM II c | PANAVIA V5 e | G-Cem ONE e |
ResiCem EX e | PANAVIA V5 d | PANAVIA V5 e | Variolink Esthetic DC c | ResiCem EX e | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal e f |
ESTECEM II f | ResiCem EX e | ESTECEM II f | PANAVIA V5 c | ESTECEM II f | PANAVIA V5 f |
ESTECEM II e | Super-Bond Universalc | ESTECEM II f |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement | RelyX Ultimate | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix | PANAVIA V5 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k |
S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | NS | S | S |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal | G-Cem ONE | ESTECEM II | SpeedCEM Plus | ||||||||
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k |
S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | NS | S | S |
Variolink Esthetic DC | ResiCem EX | Nexus Universal Chroma | |||||||||
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | |||
NS | S | S | S | S | S | NS | S | S |
Resin Cement | Cure Mode | Time | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Immediate | After One-Day Storage | TC 20k | ||
RelyX Universal Resin Cement | Dual | 1.31 (0.30) | 4.27 (0.41) | 4.24 (0.28) |
Self | 0.33 (0.09) | 2.84 (0.31) | 3.81 (0.60) | |
RelyX Ultimate | Dual | 4.74 (0.45) | 9.22 (0.73) | 9.40 (1.10) |
Self | 0.44 (0.08) | 4.52 (0.63) | 5.39 (0.71) | |
RelyX Unicem 2 Automix | Dual | 4.16 (0.51) | 8.22 (0.58) | 8.18 (0.69) |
Self | 0.41 (0.07) | 4.62 (0.80) | 5.42 (0.52) | |
PANAVIA V5 | Dual | 0.65 (0.10) | 6.76 (0.49) | 5.89 (0.62) |
Self | 0.52 (0.11) | 2.92 (0.29) | 3.44 (0.28) | |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal (Automix) | Dual | 1.04 (0.18) | 5.18 (0.35) | 5.73 (0.44) |
Self | 0.40 (0.07) | 3.26 (0.45) | 3.62 (0.59) | |
G-Cem ONE | Dual | 1.19 (0.20) | 8.04 (0.60) | 8.39 (1.02) |
Self | 0.73 (0.16) | 4.60 (0.69) | 4.46 (0.58) | |
ESTECEM II | Dual | 6.84 (0.91) | 12.42 (1.79) | 10.72 (0.67) |
Self | 1.35 (0.35) | 4.64 (0.80) | 5.17 (0.55) | |
SpeedCEM Plus | Dual | 2.31 (0.45) | 5.82 (0.46) | 5.36 (0.52) |
Self | 0.62 (0.13) | 3.66 (0.49) | 3.69 (0.61) | |
Variolink Esthet DC | Dual | 0.82 80.14) | 6.36 (0.58) | 5.48 (0.32) |
Self | 0.81 (0.22) | 4.53 (0.68) | 4.50 (0.87) | |
ResiCem EX | Dual | 3.28 (0.68) | 7.82 (0.73) | 9.27 (1.06) |
Self | 0.96 (0.18) | 4.78 (0.93) | 4.81 (0.64) | |
Nexus Universal Chroma | Dual | 1.37 (0.36) | 8.17 (0.93) | 7.69 (0.70) |
Self | 0.75 (0.12) | 3.53 (0.44) | 3.84 (0.40) | |
Super-Bond Universal | Dual | NA | NA | NA |
Self | 0.40 (0.06) | 2.63 (0.43) | 2.80 (0.21) |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement | RelyX Ultimate | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix | PANAVIA V5 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate f | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | TC 20k f | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | One-day f | One-day g |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal | G-Cem ONE | ESTECEM II | SpeedCEM Plus | ||||
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate f | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | TC 20k f | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | One-day f | One-day g |
Variolink Esthetic DC | ResiCem EX | Nexus Universal Chroma | Super-Bond Universal | ||||
Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode | Dual-cure mode | Self-cure mode |
TC 20k a | TC 20k b | TC 20k | Immediate | Immediate | Immediate | - | Immediate |
Immediate a | Immediate b | Immediate c | TC 20k | TC 20k d | One-day e | - | TC 20k g |
One-day | One-day | One-day c | One-day | One-day d | TC 20k e | - | One-day g |
Immediate | After One-Day Storage | After TC 20k | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode | Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode | Dual-Cure Mode | Self-Cure Mode |
PANAVIA V5 a | RelyX Ultimate a | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a | Nexus Universal Chroma a | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a | Variolink Esthetic DC a |
Variolink Esthetic DC a b | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a b | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a b | RelyX Universal Resin Cement a | SpeedCEM Plus a b | Nexus Universal Chroma a b |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a b | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a b | SpeedCEM Plus a b c | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal a | RelyX Ultimate b c | SpeedCEM Plus a b c |
Nexus Universal Chroma a b | RelyX Universal Resin Cement a b | RelyX Universal Resin Cement a b c | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix a | Variolink Esthetic DCb c d | ResiCem EXa b c |
G-Cem ONE b | SpeedCEM Plus a b c | SpeedCEM Plus a | G-Cem ONE b c d | RelyX Ultimate b c d | |
SpeedCEM Plus c | Super-Bond Universal b c | Variolink Esthetic DC c d | RelyX Ultimate a b | RelyX Universal Resin Cement c d | RelyX Universal Resin Cement c d |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement d | G-Cem ONE c | G-Cem ONE d | ResiCem EX b c | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal c d e | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix d e |
RelyX Ultimate d e | Nexus Universal Chroma d | Nexus Universal Chroma d | G-Cem ONE b c | Nexus Universal Chromad e | Super-Bond Universal e |
RelyX Unicem 2 Automix d e | Variolink Esthetic DC d | ResiCem EX d | ESTECEM II c | PANAVIA V5 e | G-Cem ONE e |
ResiCem EX e | PANAVIA V5 d | PANAVIA V5 e | Variolink Esthetic DC c | ResiCem EX e | PANAVIA SA Cement Universal e f |
ESTECEM II f | ResiCem EX e | ESTECEM II f | PANAVIA V5 c | ESTECEM II f | PANAVIA V5 f |
ESTECEM II e | Super-Bond Universalc | ESTECEM II f |
RelyX Universal Resin Cement | RelyX Ultimate | RelyX Unicem 2 Automix | PANAVIA V5 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k |
S | S | NS | S | S | S | S | S | S | NS | S | S |
PANAVIA SA Cement Universal | G-Cem ONE | ESTECEM II | SpeedCEM Plus | ||||||||
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k |
S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
Variolink Esthetic DC | ResiCem EX | Nexus Universal Chroma | |||||||||
Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | Immediate | One-day | TC 20k | |||
NS | S | S | S | S | S | S | S | S |
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Share and Cite
Irie, M.; Okada, M.; Maruo, Y.; Nishigawa, G.; Matsumoto, T. Shear Bond Strength of Resin Luting Materials to Lithium Disilicate Ceramic: Correlation between Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity. Polymers 2023, 15, 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051128
Irie M, Okada M, Maruo Y, Nishigawa G, Matsumoto T. Shear Bond Strength of Resin Luting Materials to Lithium Disilicate Ceramic: Correlation between Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity. Polymers. 2023; 15(5):1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051128
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrie, Masao, Masahiro Okada, Yukinori Maruo, Goro Nishigawa, and Takuya Matsumoto. 2023. "Shear Bond Strength of Resin Luting Materials to Lithium Disilicate Ceramic: Correlation between Flexural Strength and Modulus of Elasticity" Polymers 15, no. 5: 1128. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051128