Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Cross-Linked Nanocellulose Aerogels for Oil–Water Separation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fabrication of Cross-linked Cellulose Aerogels
2.3. Preparation of Superhydrophobic Cellulose Aerogel
2.4. Characterizations
2.5. Density and Porosity
2.6. Oil Adsorption Capacity
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Cross−Linked Cellulose Aerogels
3.2. The Apparent Morphologies and Water-Durable Properties
3.3. The Aerogel Wettability
3.4. Chemical Structure and Thermostability
3.5. The Morphology and Porosity
3.6. Oil Absorption Performance
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | ρa (mg/cm3) | Porosity (%) |
---|---|---|
CNF | 5.42 | 99.72 |
CNF/BTCA10/1 | 6.05 | 99.61 |
Si-CNF/BTCA | 7.10 | 99.55 |
Samples | Fabrication Method | Absorption Capacity | Recyclability | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lignin-based carbon aerogel | Polymerization, anneal | 32–34 g/g | ― | [23] |
Exfoliated-graphene carbon aerogel | Hydrazine hydrate, carbonization | 40.2–80.9 g/g | ― | [24] |
Carbon@SiO2@MnO2 aerogel | Carbonization, hydrothermal, hydrophobic modification | 60–120 g/g | 9 cycles | [25] |
Nanocrystalline cellulose aerogel | Freeze-drying | Toluene: ~16 g/g | 10 cycles | [27] |
Superhydrophobic cellulose/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite aerogels | Freeze-drying, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methyltrichlorosilane | 28–65 g/g | ― | [29] |
Superlight nanocellulose aerogel foam | Emulsification, freeze-drying | Cyclohexane: 206.69 g/g Ethyl acetate: 194.75 g/g Vacuum pump oil: 145.20 g/g | ― | [30] |
Copper nanoparticles-coated cellulose aerogel | Depositing Cu nanoparticles, freeze-drying | 67.8–164.5 g/g | 10 cycles | [31] |
Cotton-cellulose aerogel | Freeze-drying, silanization of methyltrimethoxysilane | Machine Oil: 72.3 g/g Dichloromethane: 94.3 g/g | 5 cycles | [52] |
Superabsorbent from micro-fibrillated cellulose fibers | Ball-milling, freeze-drying, CVD of methyltrimethoxysilane | 88–228 g/g | 30 cycles | [53] |
Hydrophobic nanocellulose-based aerogel | Freeze-drying, CVD of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane | Motor oil: 55.7–78.8 g/g Cooking oil: 94.6–162.4 g/g | 20 cycles | [62] |
Superhydrophobic cross-linked nano-cellulose aerogels | Freeze-drying, cross-linking, CVD of hexadecyltrimethoxysilane | 77–226 g/g | 30 cycles | This work |
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Shang, Q.; Chen, J.; Hu, Y.; Yang, X.; Hu, L.; Liu, C.; Ren, X.; Zhou, Y. Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Cross-Linked Nanocellulose Aerogels for Oil–Water Separation. Polymers 2021, 13, 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040625
Shang Q, Chen J, Hu Y, Yang X, Hu L, Liu C, Ren X, Zhou Y. Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Cross-Linked Nanocellulose Aerogels for Oil–Water Separation. Polymers. 2021; 13(4):625. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040625
Chicago/Turabian StyleShang, Qianqian, Jianqiang Chen, Yun Hu, Xiaohui Yang, Lihong Hu, Chengguo Liu, Xiaoli Ren, and Yonghong Zhou. 2021. "Facile Fabrication of Superhydrophobic Cross-Linked Nanocellulose Aerogels for Oil–Water Separation" Polymers 13, no. 4: 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13040625