The Development and Characterization of a Cotton–Chitosan Composite for Lead Removal from Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Composite Development
2.2. Composites’ Characterization
2.3. Lead, Pb(II), Adsorption–Desorption Determination
2.4. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
3. Results
3.1. Composites’ Characterization
3.1.1. Elemental Analysis
3.1.2. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra
3.1.3. Tensile Strength
3.1.4. Atomic Force and Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.2. Lead Adsorption from Water
3.3. Lead Desorption from Composites
3.4. Surface Analysis by XPS
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Composite | H₂O₂ (35% v/v) | CA | BTCA | NaH₂PO₄ |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 40 min | 4% w/v | - | - |
2 | 40 min | - | 4% w/v | - |
3 | 40 min | 4% w/v | - | 2.3% w/v |
4 | 40 min | - | 4% w/v | 2.3% w/v |
Composite | mgchitosan to gcomposite * |
---|---|
1 | 13.56 ± 2.00 |
2 | 22.60 ± 1.81 |
3 | 20.13 ± 0.87 |
4 | 27.62 ± 5.03 |
Orbital | C 1s | N 1s | O 1s | Pb 4f | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composite | C–C/C–H | C–OH/C–O | O–C–O/C=O | NH2 | –NHOH/–NO | O–C | OH–/O=C– | SO42− | Pb–O | Pb–NO3 | Pb–SO4 |
Cotton textile | 43.6 | 27.7 | 7.1 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 16.9 | 3.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
1 | 43.7 | 21.4 | 8.8 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 18.8 | 4.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
3 | 48.8 | 18.5 | 8.4 | 1.6 | 0.6 | 17.2 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 |
2 | 49.0 | 19.5 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 18.6 | 2.4 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
4 | 31.4 | 29.2 | 12.1 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 16.6 | 4.0 | 3.0 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.3 |
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Alonso-Segura, D.; Hernández-García, L.; Menchaca-Arredondo, J.; Sánchez, M.; Chamorro-Garza, B.; Garza-Hernández, R. The Development and Characterization of a Cotton–Chitosan Composite for Lead Removal from Water. Polymers 2021, 13, 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132066
Alonso-Segura D, Hernández-García L, Menchaca-Arredondo J, Sánchez M, Chamorro-Garza B, Garza-Hernández R. The Development and Characterization of a Cotton–Chitosan Composite for Lead Removal from Water. Polymers. 2021; 13(13):2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132066
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlonso-Segura, Diana, Luis Hernández-García, Jorge Menchaca-Arredondo, Mario Sánchez, Belén Chamorro-Garza, and Raquel Garza-Hernández. 2021. "The Development and Characterization of a Cotton–Chitosan Composite for Lead Removal from Water" Polymers 13, no. 13: 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132066