Development of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Including Leather Waste Fragments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Material Development
2.1.1. Raw Materials Used
2.1.2. Film Production
2.2. Experimental Methods
2.2.1. Ageing Tests
2.2.2. Mechanical Characterization of Films
2.2.3. Thermal Characterization of Films
2.2.4. Morphological Characterization by SEM
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Component | Content over Dry Weight (%) |
---|---|
Corn starch | 55.2 |
Glycerol | 18.5 |
Citric acid | 6.2 |
Isinglass | 4.3 |
E471 | 0.8 |
Leather fragments | 7.5 (leather 1/2), 15 (leather 1) or 22.5 (leather 3/2) |
σ (MPa) | E (MPa) | ε (%) | |
---|---|---|---|
TPS_neat | 2.30 ± 0.02 | 52.17 ± 7.54 | 58.60 ± 2.70 |
TPS_Leather 1/2 | 2.65 ± 0.09 | 71.24 ± 6.55 | 45.30 ± 4.30 |
TPS_Leather 1 | 4.75 ± 0.21 | 200.18 ± 8.04 | 10.05 ± 2.26 |
TPS_Leather 3/2 | 7.27 ± 0.28 | 577.40 ± 18.79 | 2.50 ± 0.50 |
Peak (cm−1) | Attribution |
---|---|
3286–3291 | Hydrogen bonds given by hydrolyzing |
2925–2928 | C–H stretching mode of starch [25,26] |
1712–1717 | C=O stretching vibration in carboxyl groups due to citric acid [27] |
1649–1654 | Amide I (collagen) [28] |
1335–1336 | Polysaccharides C–OH bending [28] |
1150–1155 | Polysaccharides (starch) C–H bending [29] |
1104 | C–O stretching vibration peak of glycerol [30] |
1074–1076 | C–O–H stretching vibration [30] |
998 | Out-of-plane OH-vibrations in carboxyl (amino-acid) [31] |
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Pompei, S.; Tirillò, J.; Sarasini, F.; Santulli, C. Development of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Including Leather Waste Fragments. Polymers 2020, 12, 1811. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081811
Pompei S, Tirillò J, Sarasini F, Santulli C. Development of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Including Leather Waste Fragments. Polymers. 2020; 12(8):1811. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081811
Chicago/Turabian StylePompei, Silvio, Jacopo Tirillò, Fabrizio Sarasini, and Carlo Santulli. 2020. "Development of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Including Leather Waste Fragments" Polymers 12, no. 8: 1811. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081811