Quasi-Static Shear Test of Hybrid Adhesive Bonds Based on Treated Cotton-Epoxy Resin Layer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Methods
3. Results
4. Conclusions
- SEM analysis proved good wettability of alkali treated cotton fabrics with NaOH solution in a composite layer of hybrid adhesive bonds. Alkali treatment of cotton fabrics also significant influenced mechanical properties.
- Static tests proved the influence of reinforcing cotton fabric in hybrid adhesive bonds. The most significant increase of strength against pure resin appeared at the alkali treated fabric Erik up to 19% on 14.90 ± 1.15 MPa and fabric Tera up to 21% at 15.28 ± 1.05 MPa. The largest strain increase appeared at the Erik, up 10% to 13.89 ± 3.11%.
- The adhesive bonds with simple resin did not resist either quasi-static tests with loading interval 5–50% or 5–70%. Reinforcing cotton fabric resisted both quasi-static tests, except Thomas Alan. Even adhesive bonds with the fabric Erik increased against the static value up to 10% at 16.34 ± 1.24 MPa. The strain at quasi static test is very important and can predict future failure. The fabrics increase the strain of the adhesive bond, but the positive effect of the increase has its own limits. Too high a value of deformation can cause a rapid decrease of strength or failure of the adhesive bond. The results of the strain difference of adhesive bonds with Tera and Erik confirmed that lower values of the difference during cyclic loading have positive influences following shear tensile strength.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fabric | Geometry | Areal Density | Warp Way Strength (200 × 50 mm2) | Weft Way Strength (200 × 50 mm2) | Composite Layer Thickness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
g·m−2 | N | N | µm | ||
BJAZ | Plain | 145 | 400 | 400 | 530 ± 14 |
TERA | Plain | 305 | 950 | 900 | 312 ± 14 |
THOMAS ALAN | Twill | 230 | 850 | 500 | 342 ± 6 |
ERIK | Plain | 190 | 850 | 800 | 312 ± 14 |
Static Load Test | p-Value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hybrid Adhesive Bonds | Shear Tensile Strength | Strain | Shear Tensile Strength | Strain | |||
MPa | % | ||||||
RESIN | 12.02 | ±1.29 | 3.56 | ±1.54 | - | - | |
BJAZ | treated | 14.30 | ±0.45 | 10.62 | ±3.16 | 0.03 | 0.00 |
TERA | 15.28 | ±1.05 | 8.66 | ±1.77 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
THOMAS ALAN | 12.95 | ±0.92 | 7.44 | ±1.48 | 0.03 | 0.00 | |
ERIK | 14.90 | ±1.15 | 13.89 | ±3.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
BJAZ | non-treated | 15.38 | ±1.34 | 10.50 | ±1.98 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
TERA | 13.94 | ±0.38 | 9.41 | ±1.09 | 0.16 | 0.19 | |
THOMAS ALAN | 12.42 | ±0.55 | 8.23 | ±1.29 | 0.21 | 0.30 | |
ERIK | 12.39 | ±0.55 | 8.43 | ±1.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Adhesive Bond Type | Shear Tensile Strength | Strain | ∆Strain (1–1000 cyc.) | Finish Tests | Shear Tensile Strength | Strain | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(MPa) | (%) | (%) | (-) | (p-Value) | ||||||
Quasi-static 5–50% | RESIN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5/8 | - | - | |||
BJAZ | 12.08 | ±1.00 | 8.67 | ±2.41 | 0.37 | ±0.20 | 8/8 | 0.00 | 0.11 | |
TERA | 13.61 | ±1.08 | 7.83 | ±1.71 | 0.24 | ±0.18 | 8/8 | 0.01 | 0.41 | |
THOMAS ALAN | 12.02 | ±1.37 | 7.78 | ±1.61 | 0.19 | ±0.05 | 8/8 | 0.18 | 0.71 | |
ERIK | 16.34 | ±1.24 | 10.79 | ±1.98 | 0.28 | ±0.16 | 8/8 | 0.04 | 0.04 | |
Quasi-static 5–70% | RESIN | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4/8 | - | - | |||
BJAZ | 11.67 | ±1.01 | 7.81 | ±1.08 | 0.43 | ±0.09 | 8/8 | 0.00 | 0.02 | |
TERA | 15.75 | ±0.85 | 9.94 | ±1.90 | 0.35 | ±0.18 | 8/8 | 0.41 | 0.25 | |
THOMAS ALAN | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 0.00 | ±0.00 | 4/8 | 0.00 | 0.00 | |
ERIK | 16.22 | ±1.14 | 10.63 | ±1.92 | 0.36 | ±0.18 | 8/8 | 0.06 | 0.04 |
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Tichý, M.; Kolář, V.; Müller, M.; Mishra, R.K.; Šleger, V.; Hromasová, M. Quasi-Static Shear Test of Hybrid Adhesive Bonds Based on Treated Cotton-Epoxy Resin Layer. Polymers 2020, 12, 2945. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122945
Tichý M, Kolář V, Müller M, Mishra RK, Šleger V, Hromasová M. Quasi-Static Shear Test of Hybrid Adhesive Bonds Based on Treated Cotton-Epoxy Resin Layer. Polymers. 2020; 12(12):2945. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122945
Chicago/Turabian StyleTichý, Martin, Viktor Kolář, Miroslav Müller, Rajesh Kumar Mishra, Vladimír Šleger, and Monika Hromasová. 2020. "Quasi-Static Shear Test of Hybrid Adhesive Bonds Based on Treated Cotton-Epoxy Resin Layer" Polymers 12, no. 12: 2945. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122945