Valorisation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili) as a Potential Source of Reinforcement Agents in Protein-Based Biocomposites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Egagropili Lignin Containing Fraction and Nanocrystalline Cellulose
2.3. Preparation of Protein-Based Composite Films
2.4. Zeta Potential and Particle Size Measurements
2.5. Film Mechanical Properties
2.6. Film Moisture Content, Swelling Ratio and Solubility
2.7. Film Water Vapor, O2 and CO2 Permeability
2.8. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
2.9. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Egagropili as Potential Source of Lignin and Nanocrystalline Cellulose
3.2. Surface Microstructure of Egagropili Fibers and the Derived Nanocrystalline Cellulose
3.3. Film Forming Solution Zeta Potential and Particle Size Measurements
3.4. Hemp Protein-Based Films
3.5. Film Mechanical Properties
3.6. Film Moisture Content, Solubility, Swelling Ratio and Permeability
3.7. Film Morphological Properties
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FFS Additive | Mean Particle Size (d.nm) | Zeta-Potential (mV) | PDI (%) |
---|---|---|---|
None, pH 9 | 374.50 ± 14.50 a | −22.30 ± 1.55 a | 0.58 ± 0.06 a |
+2% NC | 397.40 ± 10.40 a,b | −21.50 ± 1.68 a | 0.56 ± 0.03 a |
+4% NC | 466.50 ± 14.90 b,c | −20.20 ± 1.30 a | 0.58 ± 0.03 a |
+6% NC | 552.20 ± 37.54 c | −21.80 ± 1.15 a | 0.61 ± 0.02 a |
None, pH 12 | 324.30 ± 8.83 a | −28.50 ± 1.15 b | 0.54 ± 0.16 a |
+3% LF | 389.80 ± 10.69 b | −27.60 ± 1.06 b | 0.61 ± 0.31 a |
+6% LF | 394.90 ± 14.35 b | −27.10 ± 2.38 b | 0.65 ± 0.25 a |
+9% LF | 312.70 ± 17.18 a | −28.90 ± 1.76 b | 0.64 ± 0.29 a |
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Mirpoor, S.F.; Giosafatto, C.V.L.; Di Pierro, P.; Di Girolamo, R.; Regalado-González, C.; Porta, R. Valorisation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili) as a Potential Source of Reinforcement Agents in Protein-Based Biocomposites. Polymers 2020, 12, 2788. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122788
Mirpoor SF, Giosafatto CVL, Di Pierro P, Di Girolamo R, Regalado-González C, Porta R. Valorisation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili) as a Potential Source of Reinforcement Agents in Protein-Based Biocomposites. Polymers. 2020; 12(12):2788. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122788
Chicago/Turabian StyleMirpoor, Seyedeh Fatemeh, Concetta Valeria L. Giosafatto, Prospero Di Pierro, Rocco Di Girolamo, Carlos Regalado-González, and Raffaele Porta. 2020. "Valorisation of Posidonia oceanica Sea Balls (Egagropili) as a Potential Source of Reinforcement Agents in Protein-Based Biocomposites" Polymers 12, no. 12: 2788. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12122788