Preparation, Characterization and Application of a Low Water-Sensitive Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. Gum Intelligent Film Incorporated with Anionic Cellulose Nanofiber as a Reinforcing Component
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials and Regents
2.2. Experimental Methods
2.2.1. Extraction and Quantification of RCE
2.2.2. Preparation of ASKG/ACNF/RCE Intelligent Films
2.2.3. Preparation of Intelligent Films to Detect Freshwater Shrimp Freshness
2.3. Characterization
2.3.1. Zeta Potential Changes of Solutions
2.3.2. Rheological Analysis of Solutions
2.3.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
2.3.4. X-ray Diffractometry Spectroscopy
2.3.5. Thermogravimetric Analysis
2.3.6. Morphology Analysis
2.3.7. Mechanical Properties
2.3.8. Barrier Properties
2.3.9. Light Transmittance Analysis
2.3.10. Release Test
2.3.11. Water-Sensitivity Test of Intelligent Films
2.3.12. Chroma-Response Test
2.3.13. pH and Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen of Freshwater Shrimp
2.3.14. Freshness Detection Test
2.3.15. Statistical Treatment
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Zeta Potential Analysis
3.2. Rheological Analysis
3.2.1. Steady Rheological Analysis
3.2.2. Dynamic Rheological Analysis
3.3. FT-IR Analysis
3.4. XRD Analysis
3.5. Thermogravimetric Analysis
3.6. TEM and SEM Observation
3.7. Mechanical Properties
3.8. Oxygen and Water Vapor Permeabilities
3.9. Light Transmission of Intelligent Films
3.10. Water-Sensitivity Analysis
3.11. Release Analysis
3.12. Buffer Solutions and NH3 Atmosphere Response Analysis of Intelligent Films
3.12.1. Chroma-Response in Buffer Solution
3.12.2. Chroma-Response in NH3 Condition
3.13. Detecting Analysis of Intelligent Film for Freshwater Shrimp Freshness in Real Time
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Film-Forming Solution | η0 (Pa·s) | K (s) | p | R2 |
---|---|---|---|---|
AFR0 | 1.3857 ± 0.8004 | 2.1880 ± 0.1963 | 0.7639 ± 0.0315 | 0.9994 |
AFR5 | 1.3538 ± 0.3542 | 2.1631 ± 0.0974 | 0.7236 ± 0.0138 | 0.9999 |
AFR10 | 1.3250 ± 0.4616 | 1.9931 ± 0.1225 | 0.7348 ± 0.0206 | 0.9997 |
AFR15 | 1.3015 ± 0.3603 | 1.8871 ± 0.0955 | 0.7350 ± 0.0175 | 0.9998 |
Sample | pH | L* | a* | b* | ΔE | Before | After |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AFR5 | 3.0 | 79.91 ± 0.36 a | 6.13 ± 0.40 f | −2.98 ± 0.39 a | 6.18 ± 0.31 d | ||
4.0 | 81.31 ± 0.75 b | 2.86 ± 0.08 e | −3.47 ± 0.86 a | 4.84 ± 0.40 cd | |||
5.0 | 82.01 ± 0.47 bc | 2.24 ± 0.03 d | −3.80 ± 0.73 a | 4.92 ± 1.38 cd | |||
6.0 | 81.81 ± 0.43 b | 2.02 ± 0.02 d | −3.31 ± 0.73 a | 4.23 ± 0.23 bc | |||
7.0 | 81.00 ± 0.86 ab | 1.24 ± 0.03 c | −1.19 ± 1.37 b | 2.82 ± 1.70 ab | |||
8.0 | 83.12 ± 0.36 c | 1.33 ± 0.05 c | −4.43 ± 0.35 a | 4.61 ± 0.55 cd | |||
9.0 | 82.05 ± 0.58 bc | −0.48 ± 0.30 b | −0.87 ± 1.12 c | 2.37 ± 0.53 a | |||
10.0 | 79.90 ± 0.97 a | −4.08 ± 0.39 a | −0.72 ± 1.09 c | 6.12 ± 0.37 d | |||
AFR10 | 3.0 | 78.71 ± 0.20 b | 5.86 ± 0.33 f | 0.48 ± 0.49 b | 10.46 ± 1.02 bc | ||
4.0 | 78.08 ± 1.01 b | 3.15 ± 0.04 e | 2.62 ± 1.04 bc | 8.59 ± 0.62 abc | |||
5.0 | 77.92 ± 0.22 b | 2.69 ± 0.18 de | 3.55 ± 0.58 cd | 8.871 ± 0.77 abc | |||
6.0 | 77.20 ± 0.37 b | 2.44 ± 0.07 cde | 3.94 ± 0.24 cd | 8.54 ± 0.51 abc | |||
7.0 | 77.89 ± 1.52 b | 1.93 ± 0.20 bc | 4.25 ± 2.86 cd | 7.64 ± 3.35 a | |||
8.0 | 81.31 ± 0.77 c | 1.98 ± 0.06 bcd | −2.39 ± 1.14 a | 11.22 ± 1.55 c | |||
9.0 | 77.48 ± 0.60 b | 1.66 ± 0.22 b | 4.50 ± 0.37 cd | 7.10 ± 0.21 a | |||
10.0 | 73.76 ± 0.76 a | −2.83 ± 1.01 a | 5.36 ± 1.94 d | 8.16 ± 0.68 ab | |||
AFR15 | 3.0 | 77.82 ± 0.77 c | 6.36 ± 0.46 e | 3.24 ± 0.97b | 12.48 ± 0.83 ab | ||
4.0 | 78.27 ± 2.53 cd | 3.93 ± 0.78 d | 4.08 ± 4.68 b | 12.14 ± 4.49 ab | |||
5.0 | 77.51 ± 0.76 bc | 3.08 ± 0.27 cd | 6.33 ± 1.04 bc | 10.37 ± 1.28 ab | |||
6.0 | 79.20 ± 0.31 cd | 2.57 ± 0.08 bc | 2.83 ± 0.54 b | 14.05 ± 1.03 bc | |||
7.0 | 75.48 ± 0.85 b | 2.51 ± 0.14 bc | 8.94 ± 1.10 c | 10.14 ± 1.08 a | |||
8.0 | 80.38 ± 0.10 d | 2.25 ± 0.01 bc | −0.92 ± 0.61 a | 16.53 ± 0.29 c | |||
9.0 | 78.05 ± 1.04 c | 1.80 ± 0.19 b | 3.70 ± 1.78 b | 12.02 ± 2.33 ab | |||
10.0 | 72.55 ± 1.28 a | −1.95 ± 1.09 a | 5.83 ± 2.33 bc | 11.45 ± 1.34 ab |
Sample | Humidity | L* | a* | b* | ΔE | Before | After |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AFR5 | 33% | 77.73 ±0.39 a | −8.47 ± 0.35 a | 17.57 ± 1.08 c | 20.29 ± 1.47 c | ||
75% | 78.92 ± 0.08 b | −6.09 ± 0.12 b | 11.87 ± 0.22 b | 14.82 ± 0.19 b | |||
90% | 79.34 ± 0.25 b | −0.11 ± 0.07 c | 2.67 ± 0.32 a | 4.66 ± 0.18 a | |||
AFR10 | 33% | 70.66 ± 0.44 a | −7.22 ± 0.03 a | 31.95 ± 0.81 c | 25.02 ± 1.10 c | ||
75% | 72.21 ± 0.38 b | −5.51 ± 0.11 b | 25.41 ± 1.19 b | 19.22 ± 1.69 b | |||
90% | 73.97 ± 0.55 c | −2.25 ± 0.38 c | 15.32 ± 1.24 a | 10.89 ± 1.10 a | |||
AFR15 | 33% | 69.45 ± 0.31 a | −4.92 ± 0.22 a | 31.48 ± 0.73 c | 20.96 ± 1.00 c | ||
75% | 69.48 ± 0.32 a | −3.51 ± 0.28 b | 28.20 ± 0.64 b | 17.09 ± 0.75 b | |||
90% | 68.73 ± 0.47 a | −0.70 ± 0.11 c | 24.21 ± 0.93 a | 12.29 ± 0.51 a |
Storage Time (h) | L* | a* | b* | ΔE | Photograph |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 75.09 ± 0.58 ab | 0.32 ± 0.03 c | −0.31 ± 0.52 a | — | |
12 | 75.78 ± 0.99 b | −4.18 ± 0.19 b | 7.61 ± 0.12 b | 9.22 ± 0.05 b | |
24 | 73.75 ± 0.65 a | −5.05 ± 0.21 a | 10.35 ± 0.41 c | 12.04 ± 0.83 c |
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Liang, T.; Wang, L. Preparation, Characterization and Application of a Low Water-Sensitive Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. Gum Intelligent Film Incorporated with Anionic Cellulose Nanofiber as a Reinforcing Component. Polymers 2020, 12, 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010247
Liang T, Wang L. Preparation, Characterization and Application of a Low Water-Sensitive Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. Gum Intelligent Film Incorporated with Anionic Cellulose Nanofiber as a Reinforcing Component. Polymers. 2020; 12(1):247. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010247
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Tieqiang, and Lijuan Wang. 2020. "Preparation, Characterization and Application of a Low Water-Sensitive Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch. Gum Intelligent Film Incorporated with Anionic Cellulose Nanofiber as a Reinforcing Component" Polymers 12, no. 1: 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12010247