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Article

Microstructure Characterization and Hardening Evaluation of Ferrite/Martensitic Steels Induced by He2+ Irradiation

by
Guangjie Zhang
1,2,
Junfeng Yang
2,3,*,
Zhuoming Xie
2,
Linchao Zhang
2,
Rui Liu
2,
Meng Sun
2,
Gang Li
4,
Hui Wang
5,
Yi Hu
1,2,
Xuebang Wu
2,
Qianfeng Fang
2,
Changsong Liu
2 and
Xianping Wang
2,*
1
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
2
Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
3
Lu’an Branch, Anhui Institute of Innovation for Industrial Technology, Lu’an 237100, China
4
Science and Technology on Reactor Fuel and Materials Laboratory, Nuclear Power Institute of China, Chengdu 610041, China
5
School of Mechanical Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2023, 13(9), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091308
Submission received: 8 August 2023 / Revised: 17 August 2023 / Accepted: 21 August 2023 / Published: 27 August 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Properties of Steels and Other Structural Alloys)
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Abstract

Two ferrite/martensitic (F/M) steels with different Si concentrations (0 and 0.4 wt.%) were irradiated by 250 keV He2+ ions with different fluences of 2 × 1016 ions/cm2 and 1 × 1017 ions/cm2. Transmission electron microscopy and a nanoindenter were employed to investigate their microstructure evolution and irradiation hardening effects induced by high-energy He2+ ions. A large number of He bubbles formed in the Si-free and Si-containing F/M steels, which preferentially nucleated and grew at the lath and phase boundaries. Owing to the inhibiting effect of Si addition on He bubble growth, the He bubbles in the Si-containing sample exhibited smaller size and higher density at the same He2+ fluence. Nanoindenter measurement revealed that typical irradiation hardening was observed in the F/M steel, and 1/2<111> and <100> type dislocation loops formed by He2+ irradiation was recognized as the dominant mechanism. The addition of Si induced an increase in the number density of dislocation loops, leading to the exacerbation of the irradiation hardening, and the results are basically in agreement with the theoretical analysis based on the dispersion barrier hardening (DBH) and Friedel–Kroupa–Hirsch (FKH) models.
Keywords: ferrite/martensitic steel; He bubble; dislocation loop; irradiation hardening ferrite/martensitic steel; He bubble; dislocation loop; irradiation hardening

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, G.; Yang, J.; Xie, Z.; Zhang, L.; Liu, R.; Sun, M.; Li, G.; Wang, H.; Hu, Y.; Wu, X.; et al. Microstructure Characterization and Hardening Evaluation of Ferrite/Martensitic Steels Induced by He2+ Irradiation. Crystals 2023, 13, 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091308

AMA Style

Zhang G, Yang J, Xie Z, Zhang L, Liu R, Sun M, Li G, Wang H, Hu Y, Wu X, et al. Microstructure Characterization and Hardening Evaluation of Ferrite/Martensitic Steels Induced by He2+ Irradiation. Crystals. 2023; 13(9):1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091308

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Guangjie, Junfeng Yang, Zhuoming Xie, Linchao Zhang, Rui Liu, Meng Sun, Gang Li, Hui Wang, Yi Hu, Xuebang Wu, and et al. 2023. "Microstructure Characterization and Hardening Evaluation of Ferrite/Martensitic Steels Induced by He2+ Irradiation" Crystals 13, no. 9: 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091308

APA Style

Zhang, G., Yang, J., Xie, Z., Zhang, L., Liu, R., Sun, M., Li, G., Wang, H., Hu, Y., Wu, X., Fang, Q., Liu, C., & Wang, X. (2023). Microstructure Characterization and Hardening Evaluation of Ferrite/Martensitic Steels Induced by He2+ Irradiation. Crystals, 13(9), 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13091308

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