High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

Kamieniak, Joanna; Bernalte, Elena; Foster, Christopher W.; Doyle, Aidan M.; Kelly, Peter J.; Banks, Craig E.

doi:10.3390/catal6080119

Open AccessArticle

High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

by

Joanna Kamieniak

¹

,

Elena Bernalte

^1,2,

Christopher W. Foster

¹,

Aidan M. Doyle

¹,

Peter J. Kelly

¹

and

Craig E. Banks

^1,*

¹

Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Chester Street, Manchester M1 5GD, UK

²

Departamento de Química Analítica e IACYS, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda. de Elvas s/n, Badajoz 06006, Spain

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Catalysts 2016, 6(8), 119; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6080119

Submission received: 2 July 2016 / Revised: 21 July 2016 / Accepted: 28 July 2016 / Published: 4 August 2016

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Abstract

A novel procedure for the synthesis of both hydroxyapatite (HAP) and palladium doped HAP via a wet chemical precipitation method is described herein. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy are utilised to characterise the synthesised material’s morphology, structure and crystallinity. The developed synthetic protocol produces high purity HAP with an average yield of 83.7 (±0.10)% and an average particle size of 58.2 (±0.98) nm, such synthesis has been achieved at room temperature and within a time period of less than 24 h. Additionally, in order to enhance the overall conductivity of the material, a range of Pd (2, 4 and 6 wt %) metal doped HAP has been synthesised, characterised and, for the first time, applied towards the competitive electrocatalytic detection of hydrazine, exhibiting a linear range of 50–400 µM with a limit of detection (3σ) of 30 µM.

Keywords: hydroxyapatite; palladium; synthesis; hydrazine; electrochemical application

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kamieniak, J.; Bernalte, E.; Foster, C.W.; Doyle, A.M.; Kelly, P.J.; Banks, C.E. High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route. Catalysts 2016, 6, 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6080119

AMA Style

Kamieniak J, Bernalte E, Foster CW, Doyle AM, Kelly PJ, Banks CE. High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route. Catalysts. 2016; 6(8):119. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6080119

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamieniak, Joanna, Elena Bernalte, Christopher W. Foster, Aidan M. Doyle, Peter J. Kelly, and Craig E. Banks. 2016. "High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route" Catalysts 6, no. 8: 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6080119

APA Style

Kamieniak, J., Bernalte, E., Foster, C. W., Doyle, A. M., Kelly, P. J., & Banks, C. E. (2016). High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route. Catalysts, 6(8), 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6080119

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High Yield Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) and Palladium Doped HAP via a Wet Chemical Synthetic Route

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