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Volume 15
Issue 9
10.3390/catal15090824
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

α-MnO2 Reactive Lattice Oxygen Promotes Peroxymonosulfate-Activated Sulfamethoxazole Degradation

by
Hao Zhang
1,
Junhui He
2,
Chao Ma
1,
Yue Zhang
1,
Ying He
1,
Yangyang Yu
1,
Tan Meng
3,* and
Min Zhang
1,*
1
School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Tianjin Renai College, Tianjin 301636, China
2
Capital Aihua (Tianjin) Municipal & Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300380, China
3
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2025, 15(9), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15090824 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 23 July 2025 / Revised: 27 August 2025 / Accepted: 29 August 2025 / Published: 30 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalytic Processes for Environmental Remediation and Resource Recycling)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) processes have emerged as a highly effective advanced oxidation technique for the removal of emerging organic contaminants in water. This study successfully converted δ-MnO2 into α-MnO2 through a crystal phase transformation method via the application of a mild water bath heating process, enhancing its catalytic properties. α-MnO2 (k = 0.092 ± 0.0059 min−1) exhibited significantly higher activity than δ-MnO2 (k = 0.027 ± 0.0075 min−1) in the PMS-activated degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Importantly, 1O2 was identified as the primary reactive oxygen species in the α-MnO2 + PMS system for SMX degradation. XPS and O2-TPD characterizations demonstrated that α-MnO2 possesses a higher concentration of active lattice oxygen a and lower concentration of Mn(III) than δ-MnO2. Further analysis reveals that both surface Mn(III) and active lattice oxygen in α-MnO2 are crucial for PMS activation. Notably, 1O2 is predominantly generated through the interaction between PMS and reactive lattice oxygen. Moreover, a heterogeneous PMS activation mechanism toward α-MnO2 was proposed. This research underscores the critical role of active lattice oxygen in MnO2 for PMS activation, providing valuable insight relevant to the design of catalysts aimed at pollutant elimination in environmental applications. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to report a pathway for MnO2 crystal phase transition under relatively mild conditions.
Keywords: peroxymonosulfate; activation; α-MnO2; crystal transition; reactive lattice oxygen peroxymonosulfate; activation; α-MnO2; crystal transition; reactive lattice oxygen

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhang, H.; He, J.; Ma, C.; Zhang, Y.; He, Y.; Yu, Y.; Meng, T.; Zhang, M. α-MnO2 Reactive Lattice Oxygen Promotes Peroxymonosulfate-Activated Sulfamethoxazole Degradation. Catalysts 2025, 15, 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15090824

AMA Style

Zhang H, He J, Ma C, Zhang Y, He Y, Yu Y, Meng T, Zhang M. α-MnO2 Reactive Lattice Oxygen Promotes Peroxymonosulfate-Activated Sulfamethoxazole Degradation. Catalysts. 2025; 15(9):824. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15090824

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhang, Hao, Junhui He, Chao Ma, Yue Zhang, Ying He, Yangyang Yu, Tan Meng, and Min Zhang. 2025. "α-MnO2 Reactive Lattice Oxygen Promotes Peroxymonosulfate-Activated Sulfamethoxazole Degradation" Catalysts 15, no. 9: 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15090824

APA Style

Zhang, H., He, J., Ma, C., Zhang, Y., He, Y., Yu, Y., Meng, T., & Zhang, M. (2025). α-MnO2 Reactive Lattice Oxygen Promotes Peroxymonosulfate-Activated Sulfamethoxazole Degradation. Catalysts, 15(9), 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15090824

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