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Volume 15
Issue 6
10.3390/catal15060542
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Review

Advanced TiO2-Based Photoelectrocatalysis: Material Modifications, Charge Dynamics, and Environmental–Energy Applications

by
Xiongwei Liang
1,2,
Shaopeng Yu
1,*,
Bo Meng
1,2,
Xiaodi Wang
1,
Chunxue Yang
1,2,
Chuanqi Shi
1 and
Junnan Ding
1
1
Cold Region Wetland Ecology and Environment Research Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin University, Harbin 150086, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150086, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2025, 15(6), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15060542
Submission received: 14 April 2025 / Revised: 24 May 2025 / Accepted: 26 May 2025 / Published: 29 May 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Catalysis)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This review presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in TiO2-based photoelectrocatalysis (PEC), with an emphasis on material design strategies to enhance visible-light responsiveness and charge carrier dynamics. Key approaches—including elemental doping, defect engineering, heterojunction construction, and plasmonic enhancement—are systematically discussed in relation to their roles in modulating energy band structures and promoting charge separation. Beyond fundamental mechanisms, the review highlights the broad environmental and energy-related applications of TiO2-driven PEC systems, encompassing the degradation of persistent organic pollutants, microbial disinfection, heavy metal removal, photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production, and CO2 reduction. Recent progress in integrating PEC systems with energy harvesting modules to construct self-powered platforms is critically examined. Current limitations and future directions are also outlined to guide the rational development of next-generation TiO2-based photoelectrocatalytic systems for sustainable environmental remediation and solar fuel conversion.
Keywords: TiO2 photoelectrocatalysis; visible light response; metal doping; water purification; reactive oxygen species; charge separation TiO2 photoelectrocatalysis; visible light response; metal doping; water purification; reactive oxygen species; charge separation

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MDPI and ACS Style

Liang, X.; Yu, S.; Meng, B.; Wang, X.; Yang, C.; Shi, C.; Ding, J. Advanced TiO2-Based Photoelectrocatalysis: Material Modifications, Charge Dynamics, and Environmental–Energy Applications. Catalysts 2025, 15, 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15060542

AMA Style

Liang X, Yu S, Meng B, Wang X, Yang C, Shi C, Ding J. Advanced TiO2-Based Photoelectrocatalysis: Material Modifications, Charge Dynamics, and Environmental–Energy Applications. Catalysts. 2025; 15(6):542. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15060542

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liang, Xiongwei, Shaopeng Yu, Bo Meng, Xiaodi Wang, Chunxue Yang, Chuanqi Shi, and Junnan Ding. 2025. "Advanced TiO2-Based Photoelectrocatalysis: Material Modifications, Charge Dynamics, and Environmental–Energy Applications" Catalysts 15, no. 6: 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15060542

APA Style

Liang, X., Yu, S., Meng, B., Wang, X., Yang, C., Shi, C., & Ding, J. (2025). Advanced TiO2-Based Photoelectrocatalysis: Material Modifications, Charge Dynamics, and Environmental–Energy Applications. Catalysts, 15(6), 542. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15060542

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