Vis-Responsive Copper-Modified Titania for Decomposition of Organic Compounds and Microorganisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Preparation of Cu-Modified Titania
2.2. Photoabsorption Properties (Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy)
2.3. X-Ray Diffraction
2.4. Scanning Electron Microscopy
2.5. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
2.6. Photocatalytic Activity
2.7. Antibacterial Activity
2.8. Antifungal Activity
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Preparation of Cu-Modified Titania
3.2. Characterization
3.3. Photocatalytic Activity Tests
3.4. Bactericidal Tests
3.5. Antifungal Tests
3.5.1. Disc Diffusion Test
3.5.2. Spore-Counting Test
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Titania | Crystalline Form I (A%) II | Crystallite Size III (nm) | SSA III (m2 g−1) | ETs III (μmol g−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
ST-01 | A (100) | 8 | 298 | 84 |
FP6 | A/R (92.5) | 15 | 103.7 IV | 154 IV |
P25 | A/R (84.8) | 28 | 59 | 50 |
ST-41 | A/R (99.7) | 208 | 11 | 25 |
TIO-6 | R (0) | 15 | 100 | 242 |
ST-G1 | R/A (1.9) | 205 | 5.7 | 50 |
TIO-5 | R/A (8.6) | 570 | 3 | 14 |
Titania | Crystalline Content/% | Crystallite Size/nm | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anatase | Rutile | Cu | Cu2O | Anatase | Rutile | Cu | Cu2O | ||
ST-01 | m-1h | 98.0 | 0 | 1.3 | 0.7 | 8.5 | ND | 8.6 | 8.6 |
w-1h | 99.7 | 0 | 0.01 | 0.3 | 8.5 | ND | ND | 0.7 | |
m-5h | 96.9 | 0 | 2.4 | 0.7 | 8.3 | ND | 1.9 | 0.7 | |
FP6 | m-1h | 92.0 | 7.0 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 12.5 | 12.0 | 12.3 | 9.7 |
w-1h | 90.9 | 7.0 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 12.6 | 11.1 | 11.3 | 15.6 | |
m-5h | 93.9 | 5.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 12.3 | 14.7 | 9.3 | 9.2 | |
P25 | m-1h | 81.6 | 16.7 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 23.2 | 38.8 | 2.4 | 2.9 |
w-1h | 82.9 | 16.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 22.9 | 41.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | |
m-5h | 83.6 | 15.5 | 0.8 | 0.15 | 22.9 | 44.6 | 10.1 | 4.6 | |
ST-41 | m-1h | 95.7 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 80.8 | 12.0 | 40.3 | 34.9 |
w-1h | 98.3 | 0.9 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 78.3 | 57.3 | 14.9 | 17.0 | |
m-5h | 96.8 | 1.6 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 81.1 | 36.9 | 68.2 | 32.6 | |
TIO-6 | m-1h | 0 | 97.5 | 2.5 | 0 | ND | 18.8 | 8.2 | ND |
w-1h | 0 | 97.5 | 2.5 | 0 | ND | 19.3 | 4.2 | ND | |
m-5h | 0.8 | 97.3 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 7.5 | 19.0 | 22.2 | 0.7 | |
ST-G1 | m-1h | 0.9 | 97.6 | 0.2 | 1.3 | 20.7 | 87.1 | 46.3 | 71.7 |
w-1h | 1.2 | 98.6 | 0.02 | 0.1 | 46.7 | 93.8 | ND | 74.1 | |
m-5h | 0.2 | 98.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 20.0 | 95.5 | 51.4 | 3.6 | |
TIO-5 | m-1h | 8.9 | 90.0 | 0 | 1.1 | 152.1 | 168.6 | 5.2 | 42.7 |
w-1h | 4.3 | 94.2 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 147.1 | 157.2 | 58.3 | 13.3 | |
m-5h | 8.9 | 89.2 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 169.5 | 197.6 | 36.8 | 66.6 |
Samples | Content (at %) | Cu/Ti | Ti 2p3/2 (%) | Cu 2p3/2 (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C 1s | O 1s | Ti 2p3/2 | Cu 2p3/2 | Ti3+ | Ti4+ | Cu | Cu2O | CuO | Cu(OH)2 | |||
P25 | bare | 47.1 | 39.7 | 13.2 | - | - | 0.5 | 99.5 | - | - | - | - |
m-1h | 39.9 | 39.8 | 18.9 | 1.4 | 0.075 | 3.6 | 96.4 | 7.9 | 79.2 | 12.4 | 0.5 | |
w-1h | 49.2 | 35.2 | 14.7 | 0.9 | 0.059 | 3.3 | 96.7 | 1.5 | 28.3 | 69.6 | 0.6 | |
m-5h | 47.8 | 36.1 | 14.7 | 1.5 | 0.099 | 4.9 | 95.1 | 18.8 | 70.0 | 8.3 | 2.9 | |
TIO-5 | bare | 47.0 | 40.1 | 12.9 | - | - | 1.4 | 98.6 | - | - | - | - |
m-1h | 49.7 | 34.8 | 13.3 | 3.0 | 0.180 | 3.4 | 96.6 | 8.5 | 25.6 | 59.4 | 6.5 | |
w-1h | 54.3 | 32.4 | 11.3 | 2.0 | 0.220 | 3.0 | 97.0 | 0.3 | 71.9 | 3.4 | 24.4 | |
m-5h | 49.8 | 34.6 | 13.1 | 2.6 | 0.195 | 3.0 | 97.0 | 8.1 | 15.9 | 43.5 | 32.5 |
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Endo-Kimura, M.; Karabiyik, B.; Wang, K.; Wei, Z.; Ohtani, B.; Markowska-Szczupak, A.; Kowalska, E. Vis-Responsive Copper-Modified Titania for Decomposition of Organic Compounds and Microorganisms. Catalysts 2020, 10, 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101194
Endo-Kimura M, Karabiyik B, Wang K, Wei Z, Ohtani B, Markowska-Szczupak A, Kowalska E. Vis-Responsive Copper-Modified Titania for Decomposition of Organic Compounds and Microorganisms. Catalysts. 2020; 10(10):1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101194
Chicago/Turabian StyleEndo-Kimura, Maya, Bariş Karabiyik, Kunlei Wang, Zhishun Wei, Bunsho Ohtani, Agata Markowska-Szczupak, and Ewa Kowalska. 2020. "Vis-Responsive Copper-Modified Titania for Decomposition of Organic Compounds and Microorganisms" Catalysts 10, no. 10: 1194. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101194