Association Between CKAP4 Expression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Bladder Cancer Treated with Radical Cystectomy
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Immunohistochemistry and Scoring
2.3. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Immunohistochemistry
3.2. Association of CKAP4 Expression with Clinicopathological Characteristics
3.3. Survival Outcomes and CKAP4 Expression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CKAP4 | Cytoskeleton-associated protein 4 |
BCa | Bladder cancer |
RC | Radical cystectomy |
RFS | Recurrence-free survival |
LN | Lymph node |
MIBC | Muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
NMIBC | Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer |
NAC | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy |
AC | Adjuvant chemotherapy |
LVI | Lymphovascular invasion |
CAF | Cancer-associated fibroblast |
CIS | Carcinoma in situ |
SC | Salvage chemotherapy |
TBS | Tris-buffered saline |
CSS | Cancer-specific survival |
myCAF | Myofibroblast-like cancer-associated fibroblast |
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Characteristics | CKAP4-1 | CKAP4-2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total No. (%) | Negative (%) | Positive (%) | p-Value | Negative (%) | Positive (%) | p-Value | |
Overall | 86 | 33 (38.4) | 53 (61.6) | 52 (60.5) | 34 (39.5) | ||
Age, years | |||||||
Median (IQR) | 65 (57–71) | 65 (56–71) | 64 (57–72) | 65 (57–70) | 64 (56–72) | ||
<65 | 42 (48.8) | 15 (45.5) | 27 (50.9) | 0.66 | 24 (46.2) | 18 (52.9) | 0.66 |
≥65 | 44 (51.2) | 18 (54.6) | 26 (49.1) | 28 (53.9) | 16 (47.1) | ||
Sex | |||||||
Male | 67 (77.9) | 28 (84.9) | 39 (73.6) | 0.28 | 42 (80.8) | 25 (75.5) | 0.43 |
Female | 19 (22.1) | 5 (15.2) | 14 (26.4) | 10 (19.2) | 9(26.7) | ||
pT stage | |||||||
pT ≤ 2 | 37 (43.0) | 20 (60.6) | 17 (32.1) | 0.014 | 28 (53.9) | 9 (26.5) | 0.015 |
pT ≥ 3 | 49 (57.0) | 13 (39.4) | 36 (67.9) | 24 (46.2) | 25 (73.5) | ||
Lymph node status | |||||||
N0 | 61 (74.4) | 26 (83.9) | 35 (68.6) | 0.19 | 42 (84.0) | 19 (59.4) | 0.019 |
N+ | 21 (25.6) | 5 (16.1) | 16 (31.4) | 8 (16.0) | 13 (40.6) | ||
Pathological grade | |||||||
G1–2 | 34 (39.5) | 16 (48.5) | 18 (34.0) | 0.25 | 28 (53.9) | 6 (17.6) | 0.001 |
G3 | 52 (60.5) | 17 (51.5) | 35 (66.0) | 24 (46.2) | 28 (82.4) | ||
LVI | |||||||
Negative | 30 (37.0) | 16 (51.6) | 14 (28.0) | 0.037 | 25 (51.0) | 5 (15.6) | 0.002 |
Positive | 51 (63.0) | 15 (48.4) | 36 (72.0) | 24 (49.0) | 27 (84.4) | ||
Carcinoma in situ | |||||||
Negative | 78 (90.7) | 31 (93.9) | 47 (88.7) | 0.70 | 47 (90.4) | 31 (91.2) | 1.000 |
Positive | 8 (9.3) | 2 (6.1) | 6 (11.3) | 5 (9.6) | 3 (8.8) | ||
Adjuvant chemotherapy | |||||||
No | 65 (75.6) | 27 (81.8) | 38 (71.7) | 0.31 | 46 (88.5) | 19 (55.9) | 0.001 |
Yes | 21 (24.4) | 6 (18.2) | 15 (28.3) | 6 (11.5) | 15 (44.1) | ||
Salvage chemotherapy | |||||||
No | 62 (72.1) | 26 (78.8) | 36 (67.9) | 0.32 | 38 (73.1) | 24 (70.6) | 0.81 |
Yes | 24 (27.9) | 7 (21.2) | 17 (32.1) | 14 (26.9) | 10 (29.4) | ||
Recurrence | |||||||
No | 43 (50.0) | 21 (63.6) | 22 (41.5) | 0.075 | 29 (55.8) | 14 (41.2) | 0.27 |
Yes | 43 (50.0) | 12 (36.4) | 31 (58.5) | 23 (44.2) | 20 (58.8) | ||
Cancer-specific death | |||||||
No | 48 (55.8) | 22 (66.7) | 26 (49.1) | 0.12 | 32 (61.5) | 16 (47.1) | 0.26 |
Yes | 38 (44.2) | 11 (33.3) | 27 (50.9) | 20 (38.5) | 18 (52.9) | ||
CKAP4-2 | |||||||
Negative | 52 (60.5) | 24 (72.7) | 28 (52.8) | 0.075 | |||
Positive | 34 (39.5) | 9 (27.3) | 25 (47.2) |
Cancer-Specific Survival | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variables | Category | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
HR | 95% CI | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
CKAP4-1 | Positive | 2.01 | 0.99–4.06 | 0.050 | 1.84 | 0.87–3.90 | 0.11 |
Negative | 1 | 1 | |||||
CKAP4-2 | Positive | 1.74 | 0.91–3.30 | 0.089 | 1.24 | 0.56–2.73 | 0.58 |
Negative | 1 | ||||||
pT stage | pT ≥ 3 | 2.25 | 1.13–4.47 | 0.021 | 1.78 | 0.80–3.93 | 0.15 |
pT ≤ 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Pathological grade | G3 | 1.31 | 0.67–2.57 | 0.42 | 0.92 | 0.43–1.99 | 0.84 |
G1–2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
LN status | N+ | 3.01 | 1.52–5.94 | 0.001 | 2.11 | 0.95–4.71 | 0.066 |
N0 | 1 | 1 | |||||
CIS | Positive | 0.47 | 0.11–1.98 | 0.30 | 0.36 | 0.08–1.57 | 0.17 |
Negative | 1 | 1 | |||||
Recurrence-Free Survival | |||||||
Variables | Category | Univariate | Multivariate | ||||
HR | 95% CI | p-Value | HR | 95% CI | p-Value | ||
CKAP4-1 | Positive | 2.24 | 1.14–4.37 | 0.018 | 2.09 | 1.03–4.25 | 0.041 |
Negative | 1 | 1 | |||||
CKAP4-2 | Positive | 1.77 | 0.97–3.24 | 0.062 | 1.32 | 0.62–2.79 | 0.45 |
Negative | 1 | 1 | |||||
pT stage | pT ≥ 3 | 2.11 | 1.11–4.08 | 0.021 | 1.75 | 0.85–3.61 | 0.12 |
pT ≤ 2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
Pathological grade | G3 | 1.23 | 0.65–2.30 | 0.51 | 0.84 | 0.41–1.72 | 0.64 |
G1–2 | 1 | 1 | |||||
LN status | N+ | 2.71 | 1.42–5.16 | 0.002 | 1.85 | 0.88–3.87 | 0.10 |
N0 | 1 | 1 | |||||
CIS | Positive | 0.44 | 0.10–1.84 | 0.26 | 0.35 | 0.08–1.49 | 0.15 |
Negative | 1 | 1 |
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Katsumata, H.; Koguchi, D.; Hirano, S.; Suzuki, A.; Yanagita, K.; Shimizu, Y.; Hirono, W.; Shimura, S.; Ikeda, M.; Tsumura, H.; et al. Association Between CKAP4 Expression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Bladder Cancer Treated with Radical Cystectomy. Cancers 2025, 17, 1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081278
Katsumata H, Koguchi D, Hirano S, Suzuki A, Yanagita K, Shimizu Y, Hirono W, Shimura S, Ikeda M, Tsumura H, et al. Association Between CKAP4 Expression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Bladder Cancer Treated with Radical Cystectomy. Cancers. 2025; 17(8):1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081278
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatsumata, Hiroki, Dai Koguchi, Shuhei Hirano, Anna Suzuki, Kengo Yanagita, Yuriko Shimizu, Wakana Hirono, Soichiro Shimura, Masaomi Ikeda, Hideyasu Tsumura, and et al. 2025. "Association Between CKAP4 Expression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Bladder Cancer Treated with Radical Cystectomy" Cancers 17, no. 8: 1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081278
APA StyleKatsumata, H., Koguchi, D., Hirano, S., Suzuki, A., Yanagita, K., Shimizu, Y., Hirono, W., Shimura, S., Ikeda, M., Tsumura, H., Ishii, D., Sato, Y., & Matsumoto, K. (2025). Association Between CKAP4 Expression and Poor Prognosis in Patients with Bladder Cancer Treated with Radical Cystectomy. Cancers, 17(8), 1278. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17081278