The Effect of Preoperative Anemia on Blood Transfusion Outcomes in Major Head and Neck Cancer Surgery
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Setting
2.2. Patient Selection
2.3. Variables
2.4. Statistical Analyses
2.5. Ethical Approval
3. Results
Patient Characteristics
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variable | n (%) | Transfused, n (%) | Non-Transfused, n (%) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Preoperative Variables | ||||
Preoperative Hgb (g/L, Mean [SD]) | 141.6 [16.90] | 128.4 [19.96] | 144.6 [14.55] | <0.0001 |
Sex | 363 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | 0.008 * |
Male | 256 (71) | 39 (15) | 217 (85) | |
Female | 107 (29) | 29 (27) | 78 (73) | |
Age (yrs, Mean [SD]) | 61.4 [12.27] | 62.0 [12.94] | 61.3 [12.13] | 0.6856 ‡ |
Comorbidity | 363 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | 0.170 † |
0 | 149 (41) | 29 (20) | 120 (81) | |
1 | 112 (31) | 17 (15) | 95 (85) | |
2+ | 72 (20) | 19 (26) | 53 (74) | |
Missing | 30 (8) | 3 (10) | 27 (90) | |
T stage | 332 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | 0.007 † |
T0/Tis | 39 (11) | 9 (23) | 30 (77) | |
T1 | 45 (12) | 4 (9) | 41 (91) | |
T2 | 89 (25) | 11 (12) | 78 (88) | |
T3 | 40 (11) | 6 (15) | 34 (85) | |
T4 | 119 (33) | 35 (29) | 84 (71) | |
Missing | 31 (9) | 3 (10) | 28 (9) | |
N stage | 291 | 52 (18) | 0.467 * | |
N0 | 149 (41) | 29 (19) | 120 (81) | |
N+ | 142 (39) | 23 (16) | 119 (84) | |
Missing | 72 (20) | 16 (24) | 56 (19) | |
Cancer stage | 363 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | 0.123 † |
Stage 0–II | 95 (26) | 12 (13) | 83 (87) | |
Stage III–IV | 238 (66) | 52 (22) | 186 (78) | |
Missing | 30 (8) | 4 (6) | 26 (9) | |
Smoking | 363 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | 0.719 * |
Current | 111 (31) | 19(17) | 98 (83) | |
Former | 123 (34) | 21 (17) | 102 (83) | |
Never | 87 (24) | 18 (21) | 69 (23) | |
Missing | 42 (12) | 10 (24) | 32 (76) | |
EtOH | 363 | 68 (19) | 195 (81) | 0.546 * |
Current | 201 (55) | 35 (17) | 166 (83) | |
Former | 42 (12) | 7 (17) | 35 (12) | |
Never | 71 (20) | 16 (24) | 55 (19) | |
Missing | 49 (14) | 10 (15) | 39 (13) | |
BMI (categorical) | 333 | 65 (20) | 268 (80) | 0.001 * |
Underweight | 24 (7) | 11 (46) | 13 (54) | |
Normal weight | 142 (43) | 33 (23) | 109 (41) | |
Overweight | 103 (31) | 13 (12) | 90 (34) | |
Obese | 64 (19) | 8 (13) | 56 (21) | |
BMI (continuous, Mean [SD]) | 25.7 [5.93] | 23.7 [6.04] | 26.2 [5.80] | 0.0002 ¶ |
Cancer recurrence | 363 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | 0.738 * |
Yes | 54 (15) | 11 (20) | 252 (82) | |
No | 301 (85) | 57 (18) | 43 (80) | |
Primary cancer site | 363 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | 0.339 † |
Oral cavity | 237 (65) | 41 (17) | 196 (83) | |
Oropharynx | 16 (4) | 4 (25) | 12 (75) | |
Hypopharynx | 8 (2) | 2 (25) | 6 (75) | |
Larynx | 9 (2) | 1 (11) | 8 (89) | |
Paranasal sinus | 23 (6) | 9 (39) | 14 (61) | |
Skin | 36 (10) | 4 (11) | 32 (89) | |
Salivary gland | 14 (4) | 3 (21) | 11 (79) | |
Thyroid | 2 (1) | 0 (0) | 2 (100) | |
Unknown | 1 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (100) | |
Other | 17 (5) | 4 (24) | 13 (76) | |
Type of cancer | 363 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | 0.913 † |
SCC | 290 (80) | 54 (19) | 236 (81) | |
NSCC | 73 (20) | 14 (19) | 59 (81) | |
Intraoperative variables | ||||
Type of flap | 363 | 68 (19) | 295 (81) | <0.0001 * |
RFFF | 184 (51) | 17 (9) | 167 (91) | |
FFF | 80 (22) | 25 (31) | 55 (69) | |
ALT | 55 (15) | 11 (20) | 44 (80) | |
Other | 44 (12) | 15 (34) | 29 (66) | |
Neck dissection | 360 | 67 (19) | 293 (81) | 0.392 * |
None | 67 (19) | 16 (24) | 51 (76) | |
Right | 107 (30) | 15 (14) | 92 (86) | |
Left | 89 (25) | 16 (18) | 73 (82) | |
Bilateral | 97 (27) | 20 (21) | 77 (79) | |
Clavien-Dindo class | 332 | 65 (20) | 267 (80) | <0.001 † |
0–IIIa | 280 (84) | 46 (16) | 234 (84) | |
IIIb–V | 52 (16) | 19 (37) | 33 (63) |
Predictor | p-Value | Odds Ratio |
---|---|---|
Preoperative Hgb | <0.0001 | 0.94 |
Sex | ns | 0.90 |
Cancer Stage | 0.049 | 2.07 |
BMI | 0.040 | 5.53 |
Clavien-Dindo Class | 0.007 | 3.23 |
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Ali, M.; Nakoneshny, S.C.; Dort, J.C.; Sauro, K.M.; Matthews, T.W.; Chandarana, S.P.; Wilson, T.A.; McKenzie, D.C.; Schrag, C.; Matthews, J.; et al. The Effect of Preoperative Anemia on Blood Transfusion Outcomes in Major Head and Neck Cancer Surgery. Cancers 2025, 17, 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17132136
Ali M, Nakoneshny SC, Dort JC, Sauro KM, Matthews TW, Chandarana SP, Wilson TA, McKenzie DC, Schrag C, Matthews J, et al. The Effect of Preoperative Anemia on Blood Transfusion Outcomes in Major Head and Neck Cancer Surgery. Cancers. 2025; 17(13):2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17132136
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli, Munib, Steven C. Nakoneshny, Joseph C. Dort, Khara M. Sauro, Thomas Wayne Matthews, Shamir P. Chandarana, Todd A. Wilson, David C. McKenzie, Christiaan Schrag, Jennifer Matthews, and et al. 2025. "The Effect of Preoperative Anemia on Blood Transfusion Outcomes in Major Head and Neck Cancer Surgery" Cancers 17, no. 13: 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17132136
APA StyleAli, M., Nakoneshny, S. C., Dort, J. C., Sauro, K. M., Matthews, T. W., Chandarana, S. P., Wilson, T. A., McKenzie, D. C., Schrag, C., Matthews, J., & Hart, R. D. (2025). The Effect of Preoperative Anemia on Blood Transfusion Outcomes in Major Head and Neck Cancer Surgery. Cancers, 17(13), 2136. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17132136