The Relationship Between Patient Activation, Cancer-Related Symptoms, and Job Performance Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors with Low and High Workplace Support: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Participants and Procedures
2.2. Measures
2.2.1. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
2.2.2. Patient Activation
2.2.3. Cancer-Related Symptoms
2.2.4. Job Performance
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AGFI | Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index |
CFI | Comparative Fit Index |
CFS | Cancer Fatigue Scale |
CMIN | Chi-Square Statistic |
df | Degrees of Freedom |
EORTC QLQ-C30 | European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 |
GFI | Goodness-of-Fit Index |
IQR | Interquartile Range |
K6 | Kessler-6 |
New BJSQ | New Brief Job Stress Questionnaire |
PAM-13 | 13-item version of Patient Activation Measure |
RMSEA | Root Mean Square Error of Approximation |
SEM | Structural Equation Modeling |
WHO-HPQ | World Health Organization Health and Performance Questionnaire |
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N = 202 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | Low Support Group (n = 97) | High Support Group (n = 105) | WHO-HPQ | ||||||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | p a | Median | IQR | η2 b | p b | |
Age | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.29 | ||||||||
20–24 years | 7 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 5 | 50.0 | 30.0–80.0 | |||
25–29 years | 27 | 13 | 19 | 20 | 8 | 8 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
30–34 years | 61 | 30 | 28 | 29 | 33 | 31 | 70.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
35–39 years | 107 | 53 | 48 | 49 | 59 | 56 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | |||
Gender | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.40 | ||||||||
Male | 45 | 22 | 16 | 16 | 29 | 28 | 70.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Female | 157 | 78 | 81 | 84 | 76 | 72 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Educational level | 0.89 | 0.19 | 0.11 | ||||||||
Junior-high school | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 65.0 | 52.5–70.0 | |||
High school | 43 | 21 | 20 | 21 | 23 | 22 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | |||
College/Vocational school | 42 | 21 | 18 | 19 | 24 | 23 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | |||
University/Graduate school | 110 | 54 | 56 | 58 | 54 | 51 | 70.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Others | 3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 60.0 | 50.0–60.0 | |||
Type of employment | 0.01 | 0.07 | 0.66 | ||||||||
Permanent | 135 | 67 | 55 | 57 | 80 | 76 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Temporary | 58 | 29 | 37 | 38 | 21 | 20 | 60.0 | 50.0–72.5 | |||
Self-employed | 9 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 70.0 | 60.0–75.0 | |||
Type of occupation | 0.80 | 0.18 | 0.37 | ||||||||
Technical | 38 | 19 | 17 | 18 | 21 | 20 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Managerial | 17 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 9 | 9 | 70.0 | 60.0–80.0 | |||
Clerical | 76 | 38 | 35 | 36 | 41 | 39 | 70.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Sales | 20 | 10 | 9 | 9 | 11 | 10 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | |||
Production | 16 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 70.0 | 52.5–80.0 | |||
Services | 25 | 12 | 14 | 14 | 11 | 10 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | |||
Others | 10 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 3 | 3 | 60.0 | 50.0–75.0 | |||
Cancer sites | 0.04 | 0.24 | 0.07 | ||||||||
Gastric cancer | 16 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 10 | 10 | 70.0 | 52.5–80.0 | |||
Colorectal cancer | 16 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 65.0 | 50.0–77.5 | |||
Breast cancer | 18 | 9 | 11 | 11 | 7 | 7 | 70.0 | 60.0–72.5 | |||
Female genital cancer | 85 | 42 | 50 | 52 | 35 | 33 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Thyroid cancer | 17 | 8 | 7 | 7 | 10 | 10 | 50.0 | 50.0–70.0 | |||
Lymphoma/leukemia | 15 | 7 | 4 | 4 | 11 | 10 | 70.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Others | 35 | 17 | 11 | 11 | 24 | 23 | 70.0 | 40.0–70.0 | |||
Period from diagnosis | 0.02 | 0.11 | 0.27 | ||||||||
<1 year | 32 | 16 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 70.0 | 40.0–80.0 | |||
1– <5 years | 98 | 49 | 38 | 39 | 60 | 57 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
≥5 years | 72 | 36 | 44 | 45 | 28 | 27 | 70.0 | 50.0–77.5 | |||
Surgery | 0.19 | 0.00 | 0.97 | ||||||||
Yes | 122 | 60 | 54 | 56 | 68 | 65 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
No | 80 | 40 | 43 | 44 | 37 | 35 | 60.0 | 50.0–72.5 | |||
Chemotherapy | 0.51 | 0.02 | 0.76 | ||||||||
Yes | 50 | 25 | 22 | 23 | 28 | 27 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
No | 152 | 75 | 75 | 77 | 77 | 73 | 70.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
Radiation | 0.14 | 0.01 | 0.87 | ||||||||
Yes | 26 | 13 | 9 | 9 | 17 | 16 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
No | 176 | 87 | 88 | 91 | 88 | 84 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | |||
Hormone therapy | 0.50 | 0.05 | 0.44 | ||||||||
Yes | 18 | 9 | 10 | 10 | 8 | 8 | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | |||
No | 184 | 91 | 87 | 90 | 97 | 92 | 70.0 | 60.0–80.0 | |||
Median | IQR | Median | IQR | Median | IQR | p a | Median | IQR | r c | p c | |
Job demands on New BJSQ | 2.7 | 2.2–3.2 | 2.5 | 2.0–3.1 | 2.7 | 2.2–3.2 | 0.18 | - | - | −0.08 | 0.25 |
Workplace support on New BJSQ | 2.3 | 2.0–2.8 | 2.0 | 1.5–2.8 | 2.3 | 2.0–2.9 | 0.03 | - | - | 0.27 | <0.01 |
Patient activation score on PAM13 | 51.0 | 45.3–63.1 | 51.0 | 45.3–60.6 | 53.2 | 45.3–63.1 | 0.58 | - | - | 0.31 | <0.01 |
CFS Physical Fatigue subscale | 7.0 | 3.0–13.3 | 7.0 | 3.0–13.5 | 7.0 | 2.5–13.5 | 0.99 | - | - | −0.16 | 0.02 |
K6 | 5.0 | 1.0–11.0 | 6.0 | 0.0–10.5 | 4.0 | 1.0–11.5 | 0.71 | - | - | −0.16 | 0.02 |
EORTC QLQ-C30 Cognitive Functioning subscale | 66.7 | 50.0–83.3 | 66.7 | 50.0–100.0 | 66.7 | 50.0–83.3 | 0.37 | - | - | 0.18 | <0.01 |
WHO-HPQ | 60.0 | 50.0–80.0 | 60.0 | 50.0–70.0 | 70.0 | 60.0–80.0 | <0.01 | - | - | - | - |
N = 202 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Models a | CMIN | Change b | p c | CMIN/df | CFI | GFI | AGFI | RMSEA | AIC |
Model without any path constraints | 3.11 | NA | NA | 0.389 | 1.000 | 0.994 | 0.977 | <0.001 | 47.112 |
Model with path constraints | |||||||||
PAM13 to cancer-related symptoms | 5.11 | 2.00 | 0.16 | 0.567 | 1.000 | 0.974 | 0.954 | <0.001 | 47.107 |
PAM13 to WHO-HPQ | 3.26 | 0.15 | 0.70 | 0.362 | 1.000 | 0.978 | 0.961 | <0.001 | 45.261 |
Cancer-related symptoms to WHO-HPQ | 4.55 | 1.43 | 0.23 | 0.505 | 1.000 | 0.975 | 0.956 | <0.001 | 46.545 |
All paths | 7.02 | 3.91 | 0.27 | 0.638 | 1.000 | 0.971 | 0.954 | <0.001 | 45.201 |
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Soejima, T.; Tokita, M.; Kitao, M. The Relationship Between Patient Activation, Cancer-Related Symptoms, and Job Performance Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors with Low and High Workplace Support: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Cancers 2025, 17, 1742. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17111742
Soejima T, Tokita M, Kitao M. The Relationship Between Patient Activation, Cancer-Related Symptoms, and Job Performance Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors with Low and High Workplace Support: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Cancers. 2025; 17(11):1742. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17111742
Chicago/Turabian StyleSoejima, Takafumi, Masahito Tokita, and Mari Kitao. 2025. "The Relationship Between Patient Activation, Cancer-Related Symptoms, and Job Performance Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors with Low and High Workplace Support: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study" Cancers 17, no. 11: 1742. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17111742
APA StyleSoejima, T., Tokita, M., & Kitao, M. (2025). The Relationship Between Patient Activation, Cancer-Related Symptoms, and Job Performance Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors with Low and High Workplace Support: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study. Cancers, 17(11), 1742. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17111742