Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. sEV Isolation and Detection
3. sEV and OC
3.1. Biomarkers
3.2. Treatment
4. sEV and CC
4.1. Biomarkers
4.2. Treatment
5. sEV and EC
5.1. Biomarkers
5.2. Treatment
6. sEV and EMS
6.1. Biomarkers
6.2. Treatment
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Principle | Method | Advantages | Disadvantages | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Size and density | Differential ultracentrifugation | High purity, high sample volumes | High instrumental cost, time consuming, large samples | [35,36] |
Density gradient centrifugation | High purity | Time consuming, structural damage, large samples | [37,38] | |
Ultrafiltration | Fast, simple operation, cheap equipment | Membrane clogged easily, lack specificity | [39,40] | |
Size-exclusion chromatography | High purity, intact sEVs, low sample | Low efficiency, lack specificity | [41,42,43] | |
Flow field-flow fractionation | High purity, high efficiency, provide information on sEVs, maintain protein activity, obtain subpopulations | Sample pretreatment | [44,45,46] | |
Solubility alteration | Polymer precipitation | High efficiency, intact sEVs | Low purity | [47,48] |
Immune specificity | Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay | High purity | Sample pretreatment | [49,50] |
Magneto- Immunoprecipitation | Keep protein activity, simple operation, distinguish source of sEVs | High cost | [51,52,53] | |
Immunoaffinity chromatography with polymeric monolithic disks | Fast, simple operation, high throughput, obtain subpopulation, separate large biomolecules | Specific purpose-made instrumentation | [45,46,54] | |
Microfluidics | Physical properties | High efficiency, simple operation | Impurities | [55,56] |
Immune specificity | High efficiency, high throughput | Complicated sample pretreatment | [57,58] | |
Charges | Ion-exchange | Fast, high purity, intact sEVs | Sample pretreatment, simple sample | [59,60,61,62] |
Electrophoresis and Dielectrophoresis | Provide information on sEVs, obtain subpopulations, distinguish source of sEVs | Sample pretreatment, medium system integration and portability | [63,64] |
Disease | Content | Expression | Source | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
OC | miR-4732-5p | Up | Plasma | [99] |
miR-205 | Up | Plasma | [100] | |
miR-200b | Up | Plasma | [101] | |
miR-34a | Up | Plasma | [192] | |
miR-375 and miR-1307 | Up | Plasma | [193] | |
miR-200a-3p, miR-766-3p, miR-26a-5p, miR-142-3p, let-7d-5p, miR-328-3p, miR-130b-3p and miR-374a-5p | Up | Plasma | [194] | |
miR-106a-5p, let-7d-5p, and miR-93-5p; miR-122-5p, miR-185-5p, and miR-99b-5p | Up; down | Plasma | [195] | |
miR-21, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-200c, miR-200b, miR-203, miR-205, and miR-214 | Up | Plasma | [94] | |
circFoxp1 | Up | Plasma | [196] | |
circ-0001068 | Up | Plasma | [197] | |
gDNA | Up | Plasma and ascites | [102] | |
SOX2 and SOX9 | Up | Effusions | [105] | |
FRα | Up | Plasma | [35] | |
CC | miR-146a-5p, miR-151a-3p, and miR-2110 | Up | Plasma | [128] |
miR-125a-5p | Down | Plasma | [130] | |
let-7d-3p and miR-30d-5p | Down | Plasma | [198] | |
miR-21 and miR-146a | Up | Cervicovaginal lavage | [199] | |
miR-1468-5p | Up | Plasma | [129] | |
lncRNA-EXOC7 | Up | Plasma | [200] | |
lncRNA DLX6-AS1 | Up | Plasma | [201] | |
EC | miR-15a-5p | Up | Plasma | [155] |
miR-20b-5p | Up | Plasma | [156] | |
miR-151a-5p | Up | Plasma | [157] | |
miR-200c-3p | Up | Urine | [160] | |
miR-383-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-34c-3p, miR-449b-5p, miR-34c-5p, miR-200b-3p, miR-2110, and miR-34b-3p | Down | Peritoneal lavage | [161] | |
circ-0109046 and circ-0002577 | Up | Plasma | [159] | |
LGALS3BP | Up | Plasma | [171] | |
EMS | miR-30d-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-27a-3p | Unique | Plasma | [185] |
PRDX1, H2A type 2-C, ANXA2, ITIH4, and the tubulin α-chain | Unique | Plasma | [182] |
Disease | Content | Target/Pathway | Source | Function | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OC | miR-1246 | Cav-1/P-gp/M2-type oncogenic macrophages | OC cells | Promote paclitaxel resistance | [109] |
miR-21 | APAF1 | Cancer-associated adipose cells or CAFs | Suppresses apoptosis; promote paclitaxel resistance | [202] | |
miR-21-3p | NAV3 | OC cells | Promote cisplatin resistant | [203] | |
miR-21-5p | PDHA1 | OC cells | Promote glycolysis; inhibit cisplatin resistance | [204] | |
miR497/TP-HENPs | PI3K/AKT/mTOR | OC cells and hybrid nanoparticles | Restrain cisplatin resistance; induce M2 to M1 polarization of macrophages | [110] | |
miR-891-5p | MYC/CNBP | OC cells | Promote carboplatin resistance | [205] | |
miR-484 | VEGF-A | RGD-modified sEVs | Improve vascular normalization; sensitize to chemotherapy | [113] | |
miR-429; miR-3 | NF-κB; CASR/STAT3 | OC cells | Promote cisplatin resistance | [206] | |
miR-223 | PTEN-PI3K/AKT | Hypoxic macrophages | Promote multidrug resistance | [122] | |
miR-146a | LAMC2 | OC cells | Promote docetaxel and taxane resistance | [207] | |
miR-4315 | Bim | OC cells | Promote anti-PD1 | [208] | |
CC | miR-22 | MYCBP/hTERT | CC cells | Promote radiosensitivity | [139] |
miR-106a/b | SIRT1 | Cisplatin resistant hepatocarcinoma cells | Promote cisplatin sensitivity | [209] | |
miR-320a | MCL1 | Engineered sEVs | Restrain cisplatin resistance | [210] | |
miR-651 | ATG3 | CC cells | Restrain cisplatin resistance | [142] | |
miR-1323 | PABPN1/Wnt/β-catenin | CAFs | Promote radioresistance | [141] | |
circ-0074269 | miR-485-5p/TUFT1 | CC cells | Promote cisplatin resistance | [211] | |
lncRNA PDHB-AS | RBMX | CC cells | Restrain cisplatin resistance | [212] | |
lncRNA MALAT1 | miR-370-3p/STAT3/PI3K/Akt | CC cells | Promote cisplatin resistance | [213] | |
lncRNA HNF1A-AS1 | miR-34b/TUFT1 | CC cells | Promote cisplatin resistance | [140] | |
EC | Circ-0001610 | miR-139-5p/cyclin B1 | M2-polarized macrophages | Restrain radiosensitivity | [173] |
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Zheng, F.; Wang, J.; Wang, D.; Yang, Q. Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments. Cancers 2023, 15, 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15071984
Zheng F, Wang J, Wang D, Yang Q. Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments. Cancers. 2023; 15(7):1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15071984
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Fei, Jiao Wang, Dandan Wang, and Qing Yang. 2023. "Clinical Application of Small Extracellular Vesicles in Gynecologic Malignancy Treatments" Cancers 15, no. 7: 1984. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15071984