Analysis of the Clinicopathological Characteristics, Prognosis, and Lymphocyte Infiltration of Esophageal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Surgery-Based Cohort and Propensity-Score Matching Study
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Study Cohort
2.2. Preoperative Examination
2.3. Surgery and Perioperative Treatments
2.4. Diagnosis and Classification
2.5. Outcome Follow-Up
2.6. Assessment of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs)
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Overall Cohort Characteristics
3.2. Pathological Outcomes
3.3. Composition of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
3.4. Survival Analysis
3.5. Lymphocyte Infiltration
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | ESCC | E-NENs | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
3513 (n (%)) | 107 (n (%)) | ||
Sex | 0.116 | ||
Male | 2928 (83.3%) | 83 (77.6%) | |
Female | 585 (16.7%) | 24 (22.4%) | |
Age (years, median = 64) | 0.001 | ||
≥64 | 1813 (51.6%) | 72 (67.3%) | |
<64 | 1700 (48.4%) | 35 (32.7%) | |
Smoker | 0.873 | ||
No | 1483 (42.2%) | 46 (43.0%) | |
Yes | 2030 (57.8%) | 61 (57.0%) | |
Drinking | 0.658 | ||
No | 1652 (47.0%) | 48 (44.9%) | |
Yes | 1861 (53%) | 59 (55.1%) | |
BMI (kg/m2, median (IQR)) | 22.8 (20.7–24.8) | 23.2 (21.2–25.9) | 0.126 |
Lesion size (cm, median = 3.5) | 0.487 | ||
<3.5 | 1686 (48.0%) | 55 (51.4%) | |
≥3.5 | 1827 (52.0%) | 52 (48.6%) | |
Tumor location | 0.018 | ||
Upper | 456 (13.0%) | 7 (6.5%) | |
Middle | 1860 (52.9%) | 51 (47.7%) | |
Lower | 1197 (34.1%) | 49 (45.8%) | |
T status * | <0.001 | ||
T0 + T1 + T2 | 1579 (44.9%) | 68 (63.6%) | |
T3 + T4 | 1934 (55.1%) | 39 (36.4%) | |
N status * | <0.001 | ||
N0 | 1864 (53.1%) | 39 (36.5%) | |
N1 | 962 (27.4%) | 29 (27.1%) | |
N2 | 519 (14.8%) | 27 (25.2%) | |
N3 | 168 (4.7%) | 12 (11.2%) | |
Tumor stage * | 0.011 | ||
I | 749 (21.3%) | 22 (20.6%) | |
II | 1221 (34.8%) | 29 (27.1%) | |
III | 1340 (38.1%) | 42 (39.2%) | |
Iva | 203 (5.8%) | 14 (13.1%) | |
Tumor differentiation | 0.003 | ||
Well | 432 (12.3%) | 3 (2.8%) | |
Moderately/poorly | 3081 (87.7%) | 104 (97.2%) | |
LVI | <0.001 | ||
Negative | 3012 (85.7%) | 78 (72.9%) | |
Positive | 501 (14.3%) | 29 (27.1%) | |
PNI | 0.956 | ||
Negative | 3146 (89.6%) | 96 (89.7%) | |
Positive | 367 (10.4%) | 11 (10.3%) | |
Neoadjuvant therapy | 0.006 | ||
No | 3023 (86.1%) | 102 (95.3%) | |
Yes | 490 (13.9%) | 5 (4.7%) | |
Adjuvant therapy | <0.001 | ||
No | 1814 (51.6%) | 35 (32.7%) | |
Yes | 1699 (48.4%) | 72 (67.3%) |
Characteristics | Before Matching | After Matching | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ESCC | E-NECs | p-Value | ESCC | E-NECs | p-Value | |
3513 (No. [%)]) | 104 (No. [%]) | 103 (No. [%]) | 103 (No. [%]) | |||
Sex | 0.142 | 0.866 | ||||
Male | 2928 (83.3%) | 81 (77.9%) | 81 (78.6%) | 80 (77.9%) | ||
Female | 585 (16.7%) | 23 (22.1%) | 22 (21.4%) | 23 (22.1%) | ||
Age (years, median (IQR)) | 63 (58–68) | 66 (61–71) | 0.003 | 65 (61–70) | 66 (61–71) | 0.988 |
Smoking | 0.830 | 0.888 | ||||
No | 1483 (42.2%) | 45 (43.3%) | 46 (44.7%) | 45 (43.7%) | ||
Yes | 2030 (57.8%) | 59 (56.7%) | 57 (55.3%) | 58 (56.3%) | ||
Drinking | 0.712 | 0.210 | ||||
No | 1652 (47.0%) | 47 (45.2%) | 56 (54.4%) | 47 (45.6%) | ||
Yes | 1861 (53%) | 57 (54.8%) | 47 (45.6%) | 56 (54.4%) | ||
BMI (kg/m2, median (IQR)) | 22.8 (20.7–24.8) | 22.8 (21.2–25.2) | 0.185 | 23.6 (21.4–25.7) | 23.2 (21.2–25.3) | 0.436 |
Lesion size (cm, median (IQR)) | 3.5 (2.5–4.5) | 3.3 (2.0–5.0) | 0.604 | 3.5 (2.7–4.5) | 3.3 (2.0–5.0) | 0.423 |
Location | 0.028 | 0.959 | ||||
Upper | 456 (13.0%) | 7 (6.7%) | 7 (6.8%) | 7 (6.8%) | ||
Middle | 1860 (52.9%) | 50 (48.1%) | 52 (50.5%) | 50 (48.5%) | ||
Lower | 1197 (34.1%) | 47 (45.2%) | 44 (42.7%) | 46(44.7%) | ||
T status * | <0.001 | 0.774 | ||||
T0 + T1 + T2 | 1579 (44.9%) | 66 (63.5%) | 63 (61.2%) | 65 (63.1%) | ||
T3 + T4 | 1934 (55.1%) | 38 (36.5%) | 40 (38.8%) | 38 (36.9%) | ||
N status * | <0.001 | 0.815 | ||||
N0 | 1864 (53.1%) | 38 (36.6%) | 38 (36.9%) | 38 (36.9%) | ||
N1 | 962 (27.4%) | 28 (26.9%) | 23 (22.3%) | 28 (27.2%) | ||
N2 | 519 (14.8%) | 26 (25.0%) | 30 (29.1%) | 25 (24.3%) | ||
N3 | 168 (4.7%) | 12 (11.5%) | 12 (11.7%) | 12 (11.6%) | ||
Tumor stage * | 0.008 | 0.365 | ||||
I | 749 (21.3%) | 21 (20.2%) | 12 (11.7%) | 21 (20.4%) | ||
II | 1221 (34.8%) | 28 (26.9%) | 34 (33.0%) | 28 (27.2%) | ||
III | 1340 (38.1%) | 41 (39.4%) | 41 (39.8%) | 40 (38.8%) | ||
IVa | 203 (5.8%) | 14 (13.5%) | 16 (15.5%) | 14 (13.6%) | ||
Tumor Differentiation | <0.001 | 1 | ||||
Well | 432 (12.3%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
Moderately/poorly | 3081 (87.7%) | 104 (100%) | 103 (100%) | 103 (100%) | ||
LVI | 0.001 | 0.745 | ||||
Negative | 3012 (85.7%) | 77 (74.0%) | 79 (76.7%) | 77 (74.0%) | ||
Positive | 501 (14.3%) | 27 (26.0%) | 24 (23.3%) | 26 (26.0%) | ||
PNI | 0.784 | 0.298 | ||||
Negative | 3146 (89.6%) | 94 (90.4%) | 97 (94.2%) | 93 (90.4%) | ||
Positive | 367 (10.4%) | 10 (9.6%) | 6 (5.8%) | 10 (9.6%) | ||
Neoadjuvant therapy | 0.008 | 1 | ||||
No | 3023 (86.1%) | 99 (95.2%) | 98 (5.2%) | 98 (95.2%) | ||
Yes | 490 (13.9%) | 5 (4.8%) | 5 (4.8%) | 5 (4.8%) | ||
Adjuvant therapy | <0.001 | 0.653 | ||||
No | 1814 (51.6%) | 34 (32.7%) | 31 (30.0%) | 34 (32.7%) | ||
Yes | 1699 (48.4%) | 70 (67.3%) | 72 (70.0%) | 69 (67.3%) |
Survival Status | Before Matching | After Matching | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||||||||
OS | HR | 95%CI | p-Value | HR | 95%CI | p-Value | HR | 95%CI | p-Value | HR | 95%CI | p-Value |
E-NECs vs. ESCC | 1.995 | 1.536–2.591 | <0.001 | 1.897 | 1.453–2.477 | <0.001 | 1.877 | 1.253–2.810 | 0.002 | 2.008 | 1.338–3.013 | 0.001 |
RFS | ||||||||||||
E-NECs vs. ESCC | 2.257 | 1.768–2.881 | <0.001 | 2.105 | 1.640–2.702 | <0.001 | 1.929 | 1.321–2.817 | 0.001 | 2.109 | 1.435–3.099 | <0.001 |
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Zhang, L.; Yu, B.; Liu, Z.; Wei, J.; Pan, J.; Jiang, C.; Li, Z. Analysis of the Clinicopathological Characteristics, Prognosis, and Lymphocyte Infiltration of Esophageal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Surgery-Based Cohort and Propensity-Score Matching Study. Cancers 2023, 15, 1732. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061732
Zhang L, Yu B, Liu Z, Wei J, Pan J, Jiang C, Li Z. Analysis of the Clinicopathological Characteristics, Prognosis, and Lymphocyte Infiltration of Esophageal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Surgery-Based Cohort and Propensity-Score Matching Study. Cancers. 2023; 15(6):1732. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061732
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Long, Boyao Yu, Zhichao Liu, Jinzhi Wei, Jie Pan, Chao Jiang, and Zhigang Li. 2023. "Analysis of the Clinicopathological Characteristics, Prognosis, and Lymphocyte Infiltration of Esophageal Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: A Surgery-Based Cohort and Propensity-Score Matching Study" Cancers 15, no. 6: 1732. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061732