Impact of Epstein Barr Virus Infection on Treatment Opportunities in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Background
2. EBV-Induced Carcinogenesis in NPC
3. Impact of EBV-Infection on the Tumor-Microenvironment of NPC
4. Translational Implications
4.1. Active Immunotherapy
4.2. Adoptive Immunotherapy
4.3. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
5. Current Therapeutic Guidelines in NPC and Future Perspectives
5.1. Current Guidelines in NPC
5.2. Future Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trial/Year | Phase | Setting | Drugs | ORR | PFS | OS |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
KEYNOTE-028 2017 [68] | I/II | R/M P-ref | Pembrolizumab | 26% | 6 months | NA |
CheckMate 358 2017 [69] | I/II | R/M P-ref | Nivolumab | 16% | NA | NA |
NCT03097939 2020 [70] | II | R/M P-ref | Nivolumab + Ipilimumab | 30% | 5 months | NA |
CAPTAIN 2020 [71] | II | R/M P-ref | Camrelizumab | 28% | 4 months | 17 months |
NCI-9742 2018 [72] | II | R/M P-ref | Nivolumab | 21% | 3 months | 17 months |
POLARIS-02 2020 [73] | II | R/M P-ref | Toripalimab | 21% | 2 months | 17 months |
NCT026059672 2020 [74] | II | R/M P-ref | Spartalizumab vs. Standard therapy | 17% 35% | 2 months 7 months | 25 months 16 months |
KEYNOTE-122 2022 [75] | III | R/M P-ref | Pembrolizumab vs. standard therapy | 21% 23% | 4 months 6 months | 18 months 18 months |
JUPITER-02 2022 [63] | III | R/M P-sen | Toriplaimab + GC Placebo + GC | 79% 67% | 21 months 8 months | NR NR |
CAPTAIN-1s 2022 [60] | III | R/M P-sen | Camrelizumab + GC Placebo + GC | 87% 81% | 11 months 7 months | NR NR |
RATIONALE 2022 [76] | III | R/M P-sen | Tislelizumab + GC Placebo + GC | 70% 55% | 9 months 7 months | NR NR |
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Perri, F.; Sabbatino, F.; Ottaiano, A.; Fusco, R.; Caraglia, M.; Cascella, M.; Longo, F.; Rega, R.A.; Salzano, G.; Pontone, M.; et al. Impact of Epstein Barr Virus Infection on Treatment Opportunities in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Cancers 2023, 15, 1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051626
Perri F, Sabbatino F, Ottaiano A, Fusco R, Caraglia M, Cascella M, Longo F, Rega RA, Salzano G, Pontone M, et al. Impact of Epstein Barr Virus Infection on Treatment Opportunities in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer. Cancers. 2023; 15(5):1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051626
Chicago/Turabian StylePerri, Francesco, Francesco Sabbatino, Alessandro Ottaiano, Roberta Fusco, Michele Caraglia, Marco Cascella, Francesco Longo, Rosalia Anna Rega, Giovanni Salzano, Monica Pontone, and et al. 2023. "Impact of Epstein Barr Virus Infection on Treatment Opportunities in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Cancer" Cancers 15, no. 5: 1626. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15051626