Candidate Genes and Pathways in Cervical Cancer: A Systematic Review and Integrated Bioinformatic Analysis
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Department of Basic Medical Sciences I, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
2
Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2023, 15(3), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030853
Submission received: 19 December 2022
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Revised: 20 January 2023
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Accepted: 23 January 2023
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Published: 30 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Genitourinary Cancers)
Simple Summary
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Although many recommendations on the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical cancer have been established, no comprehensive molecular mechanism for cervical cancer has been determined. Hence, this systematic review and integrated bioinformatic analysis provides new insight into the key genes and pathways involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer and, thus, can be beneficial for developing better screening and treatment strategies for cervical cancer.
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among women in developing countries. However, no comprehensive molecular mechanism for cervical cancer has been established, as many studies were small-cohort studies conducted with small sample sizes. A thorough literature search was performed using the PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Science Direct databases. Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms such as “Uterine Cervical Neoplasms” and “gene expression” were used as the keywords in all fields. A total of 4027 studies were retrieved, and only clinical studies, which used the microarray method to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the cervical tissue of cervical cancer patients, were selected. Following the screening, 6 studies were selected and 1128 DEGs were extracted from the data. Sixty-two differentially expressed genes from at least two studies were selected for further analysis by DAVID, STRING, and Cytoscape software. In cervical cancer pathogenesis, three significant clusters with high intermolecular interactions from the Protein–Protein Interaction (PPI) network complex revealed three major molecular mechanisms, including cell signaling, cell cycle, and cell differentiation. Subsequently, eight genes were chosen as the candidate genes based on their involvement in the relevant gene ontology (GO) and their interaction with other genes in the PPI network through undirected first neighbor nodes. The present systematic review improves our understanding of the molecular mechanism of cervical cancer and the proposed genes that can be used to expand the biomarker panel in the screening for cervical cancer. The targeted genes may be beneficial for the development of better treatment strategies.
