An Investigation of Social Status among Adolescents and Young Adults Who Have Been Diagnosed with Cancer in Canada
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Recruitment
2.3. Procedure
2.4. Measures
2.4.1. Social Status
2.4.2. Psychosocial Well-Being
2.4.3. Demographic and Clinical Data
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Characteristics of the Sample
3.2. Aim 1: Social Status in AYAs Diagnosed with Cancer and a Comparison Sample
3.2.1. Education Status
3.2.2. Employment Status
3.2.3. Relationship Status
3.2.4. Living Situation
3.3. Aim 2: Change in Education and Employment Status
3.4. Aim 3: Predictors of Social Status
3.4.1. Employment Status
3.4.2. Relationship Status
3.4.3. Living Situation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AYA (n = 622) | Comparison (n = 1688) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Characteristic | |||
Sex | 1.00 | ||
Male | 84 (13.5) | 221 (13.1) | |
Female | 537 (86.3) | 1467 (86.9) | |
Age at Time of Study | 1.00 | ||
20–29 years | 131 (21.1) | 363 (21.5) | |
30–39 years | 377 (60.6) | 1019 (60.3) | |
40–49 years | 105 (16.9) | 282 (16.7) | |
50–64 years | 9 (1.4) | 24 (1.4) | |
Income (CAD) | |||
<CAD 40,000 | 135 (21.7) | 389 (23.0) | |
CAD 40,000–80,000 | 164 (26.4) | 485 (28.7) | |
>CAD 80,000 | 273 (43.9) | 814 (48.2) | |
Missing | 50 (8) | 0 (0) | |
Province of Residence | |||
Alberta | 101 (16.2) | 279 (16.5) | |
British Columbia | 90 (14.5) | 249 (14.8) | |
Manitoba | 37 (5.9) | 98 (5.8) | |
New Brunswick | 11 (1.8) | 33 (2.0) | |
Newfoundland and Labrador | 66 (10.6) | 163 (9.7) | |
Northwest Territories | 1 (0.2) | 3 (0.2) | |
Nova Scotia | 34 (5.5) | 101 (6.0) | |
Nunavut | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
Ontario | 195 (31.4) | 561 (33.2) | |
Prince Edward Island | 5 (0.8) | 12 (0.7) | |
Quebec | 65 (10.5) | 139 (8.2) | |
Saskatchewan | 15 (2.4) | (45 (2.7) | |
Yukon | 2 (0.3) | 5 (0.3) | |
Race/Ethnicity | |||
White | 543 (87.3) | 1489 (88.2) | |
Non-White | 79 (12.7) | 150 (8.9) | |
Asian | 21 (3.4) | ||
Multi-racial | 25 (4.0) | ||
Aboriginal/First Nations | 13 (2.1) | ||
Other | 20 (3.2) | ||
Diagnosis | |||
Breast | 170 (27.3) | ||
Female Genitourinary | 60 (9.6) | ||
Male Genitourinary | 9 (1.4) | ||
Thyroid | 45 (7.2) | ||
Blood | 173 (27.8) | ||
Head and Neck | 46 (7.4) | ||
Gastrointestinal | 59 (9.5) | ||
Skin | 18 (2.9) | ||
Other | 34 (5.5) | ||
Multiple Types | 8 (1.3) | ||
Diagnosis Stage | |||
Stage 1 | 85 (13.7) | ||
Stage 2 | 170 (27.3) | ||
Stage 3 | 145 (23.3) | ||
Stage 4 | 87 (14.0) | ||
Don’t Know/Not Applicable | 135 (21.7) | ||
Treatment | |||
Surgery | 261 (42.0) | ||
Chemotherapy | 267 (42.9) | ||
Radiation | 183 (29.4) | ||
Age at Diagnosis, years (mean, SD) | 29.05 (5.99) | ||
% on Treatment | 184 (29.6) | ||
Time Since Treatment, years (mean, SD) | 4.45 (5.42) | ||
Education (n = 613) | 0.93 | ||
Part-time Student | 7 (1.1) | 43 (2.5) | |
Full-time Student | 37 (5.9) | 87 (5.2) | |
Other | 536 (86.2) | 1557 (92.2) | |
Employment (n = 613) | <0.001 | ||
Working Part-time | 95 (15.3) | 190 (11.3) | |
Working Full-time | 256 (41.2) | 1113 (65.9) | |
Other | 271 (43.6) | 385 (22.8) | |
Relationship (n = 613) | <0.09 | ||
Single | 171 (27.5) | 526 (31.2) | |
Married/Common-Law | 415 (66.7) | 1020 (60.4) | |
Widowed/Separated/Divorced | 30 (4.8) | 138 (8.2) | |
Other | 4 (0.2) | ||
Living Situation (n = 613) | <0.001 | ||
Living with Parents | 74 (11.9) | 112 (6.6) | |
Living Alone | 99 (15.9) | 314 (18.6) | |
Living Alone with Children | 31 (5) | 175 (10.4) | |
Living with Others | 175 (28.1) | 291 (17.2) | |
Living with Others and Children | 194 (31.2) | 696 (41.2) | |
Other | 49 (8.0) | 95 (5.6) |
Employment Status | Relationship Status | Living Situation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | 95% CI | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | 95% CI | Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) | 95% CI |
Sex | ||||||
Male | reference | reference | reference | |||
Female | 1.37 | 0.67–2.81 | 0.94 | 0.40–2.20 | 1.27 | 0.36–4.51 |
Current Age | 1.07 | 1.02–1.12 | 0.89 | 0.84–0.94 | 0.75 | 0.68–0.84 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||
White | reference | reference | reference | |||
Other | 1.41 | 0.66–3.02 | 0.99 | 0.41–2.36 | 3.19 | 1.02–9.97 |
Cancer Diagnosis | ||||||
Blood | 1.54 | 0.81–2.93 | 1.59 | 0.78–3.22 | 1.55 | 0.54–4.45 |
Other | reference | reference | reference | |||
Chemotherapy | ||||||
Yes | 0.68 | 0.37–1.27 | 1.78 | 0.83–3.81 | 2.49 | 0.65–9.95 |
No | reference | reference | reference | |||
Metastatic Status | ||||||
Yes | reference | reference | reference | |||
No | 3.23 | 1.08–9.62 | 1.03 | 0.32–3.35 | - | - |
Physical Component | 1.07 | 1.04–1.10 | 0.98 | 0.95–1.01 | 1.01 | 0.96–1.06 |
Mental Component | 1.06 | 1.03–1.09 | 1.04 | 1.01–1.07 | 1.03 | 0.99–1.08 |
Post-traumatic Growth | 1.00 | 0.98–1.01 | 1.01 | 1.00–1.03 | 0.97 | 0.95–0.99 |
Social Support | 0.89 | 0.65–1.21 | 0.27 | 0.18–0.41 | 1.23 | 0.70–2.28 |
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Schulte, F.S.M.; Hou, S.H.J.; Bender, J.L.; Tulk, J.; Wurz, A.; Petrella, A.; Sabiston, C.M.; D’Agostino, N.; Chalifour, K.; Eaton, G.; et al. An Investigation of Social Status among Adolescents and Young Adults Who Have Been Diagnosed with Cancer in Canada. Cancers 2023, 15, 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133436
Schulte FSM, Hou SHJ, Bender JL, Tulk J, Wurz A, Petrella A, Sabiston CM, D’Agostino N, Chalifour K, Eaton G, et al. An Investigation of Social Status among Adolescents and Young Adults Who Have Been Diagnosed with Cancer in Canada. Cancers. 2023; 15(13):3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133436
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchulte, Fiona S. M., Sharon H. J. Hou, Jacqueline L. Bender, Joshua Tulk, Amanda Wurz, Anika Petrella, Catherine M. Sabiston, Norma D’Agostino, Karine Chalifour, Geoff Eaton, and et al. 2023. "An Investigation of Social Status among Adolescents and Young Adults Who Have Been Diagnosed with Cancer in Canada" Cancers 15, no. 13: 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133436
APA StyleSchulte, F. S. M., Hou, S. H. J., Bender, J. L., Tulk, J., Wurz, A., Petrella, A., Sabiston, C. M., D’Agostino, N., Chalifour, K., Eaton, G., & Garland, S. N. (2023). An Investigation of Social Status among Adolescents and Young Adults Who Have Been Diagnosed with Cancer in Canada. Cancers, 15(13), 3436. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133436