High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Treatments
2.2. Sample Collection and Measurement of Serum IL-6
2.3. Cytokine Secretion Assays and Flow Cytometry
2.4. Analysis of a Public Database
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Potential Effects of IL-6 on Tumor Immunity
3.2. Patient Demography and Disease Outcome
3.3. Baseline Serum IL-6 Levels and Clinical Response to Pembrolizumab/Axitinib
3.4. Baseline Serum IL-6 Levels and Survival Outcome with Pembro/Axi Therapy
3.5. High Serum IL-6 Levels Are Associated with Reduced T-Cell Responses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Number of Patients, n (% of Total) |
---|---|
Age | |
≥65 | 23 (39.7) |
Male | 42 (72.4) |
ECOG performance status | |
0 | 22 (37.9) |
1 | 29 (50.0) |
2 | 7 (12.1) |
IMDC prognostic risk | |
Favorable | 11 (19.0) |
Intermediate | 29 (50.0) |
Poor | 18 (31.0) |
Pathology | |
Clear cell | 41 (70.7) |
Non-clear cell | 17 (29.3) |
No. of organs with metastases | |
1 | 20 (34.5) |
≥2 | 38 (65.5) |
Sites of metastasis | |
Lung | 47 (81.0) |
Lymph node | 17 (29.3) |
Bone | 21 (36.2) |
Liver | 6 (10.3) |
Previous nephrectomy | 30 (51.7) |
Characteristic | IL-6 Low (n = 36) | IL-6 High (n = 22) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
Median (range), y | 61 (39–82) | 59 (47–83) | 0.572 |
≥65, n (%) | 13 (36.1) | 10 (45.5) | 0.480 |
Male, n (%) | 28 (77.8) | 14 (63.6) | 0.242 |
ECOG performance status | 0.316 | ||
0 | 16 (44.4) | 6 (27.3) | |
1 | 17 (47.2) | 12 (54.5) | |
2 | 3 (8.3) | 4 (18.2) | |
IMDC prognostic risk, n (%) | 0.009 | ||
Favorable | 9 (25.0) | 2 (9.1) | |
Intermediate | 21 (58.3) | 8 (36.4) | |
Poor | 6 (16.7) | 12 (54.5) | |
Pathology, n (%) | 0.356 | ||
Clear cell | 27 (75.0) | 14 (63.6) | |
Non-clear cell | 9 (25.0) | 8 (36.4) | |
No. of organs with metastases, n (%) | 0.366 | ||
0, 1 | 14 (38.9) | 6 (27.3) | |
≥2 | 22 (61.1) | 16 (72.7) | |
Sites of metastasis, n (%) | |||
Lung | 28 (77.8) | 19 (86.4) | 0.418 |
Lymph node | 7 (19.4) | 10 (45.5) | 0.035 |
Bone | 9 (25.0) | 12 (54.5) | 0.023 |
Liver | 4 (11.1) | 2 (9.1) | 0.806 |
Previous nephrectomy, n (%) | 28 (53.8) | 2 (33.3) | 0.018 |
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Sang, Y.B.; Yang, H.; Lee, W.S.; Lee, S.J.; Kim, S.-G.; Cheon, J.; Kang, B.; Kim, C.W.; Chon, H.J.; Kim, C. High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers 2022, 14, 5985. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235985
Sang YB, Yang H, Lee WS, Lee SJ, Kim S-G, Cheon J, Kang B, Kim CW, Chon HJ, Kim C. High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(23):5985. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235985
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang, Yun Beom, Hannah Yang, Won Suk Lee, Seung Joon Lee, Seul-Gi Kim, Jaekyung Cheon, Beodeul Kang, Chang Woo Kim, Hong Jae Chon, and Chan Kim. 2022. "High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma" Cancers 14, no. 23: 5985. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235985
APA StyleSang, Y. B., Yang, H., Lee, W. S., Lee, S. J., Kim, S. -G., Cheon, J., Kang, B., Kim, C. W., Chon, H. J., & Kim, C. (2022). High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers, 14(23), 5985. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235985