High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma
Abstract
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients and Treatments
2.2. Sample Collection and Measurement of Serum IL-6
2.3. Cytokine Secretion Assays and Flow Cytometry
2.4. Analysis of a Public Database
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Potential Effects of IL-6 on Tumor Immunity
3.2. Patient Demography and Disease Outcome
3.3. Baseline Serum IL-6 Levels and Clinical Response to Pembrolizumab/Axitinib
3.4. Baseline Serum IL-6 Levels and Survival Outcome with Pembro/Axi Therapy
3.5. High Serum IL-6 Levels Are Associated with Reduced T-Cell Responses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Number of Patients, n (% of Total) |
---|---|
Age | |
≥65 | 23 (39.7) |
Male | 42 (72.4) |
ECOG performance status | |
0 | 22 (37.9) |
1 | 29 (50.0) |
2 | 7 (12.1) |
IMDC prognostic risk | |
Favorable | 11 (19.0) |
Intermediate | 29 (50.0) |
Poor | 18 (31.0) |
Pathology | |
Clear cell | 41 (70.7) |
Non-clear cell | 17 (29.3) |
No. of organs with metastases | |
1 | 20 (34.5) |
≥2 | 38 (65.5) |
Sites of metastasis | |
Lung | 47 (81.0) |
Lymph node | 17 (29.3) |
Bone | 21 (36.2) |
Liver | 6 (10.3) |
Previous nephrectomy | 30 (51.7) |
Characteristic | IL-6 Low (n = 36) | IL-6 High (n = 22) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age | |||
Median (range), y | 61 (39–82) | 59 (47–83) | 0.572 |
≥65, n (%) | 13 (36.1) | 10 (45.5) | 0.480 |
Male, n (%) | 28 (77.8) | 14 (63.6) | 0.242 |
ECOG performance status | 0.316 | ||
0 | 16 (44.4) | 6 (27.3) | |
1 | 17 (47.2) | 12 (54.5) | |
2 | 3 (8.3) | 4 (18.2) | |
IMDC prognostic risk, n (%) | 0.009 | ||
Favorable | 9 (25.0) | 2 (9.1) | |
Intermediate | 21 (58.3) | 8 (36.4) | |
Poor | 6 (16.7) | 12 (54.5) | |
Pathology, n (%) | 0.356 | ||
Clear cell | 27 (75.0) | 14 (63.6) | |
Non-clear cell | 9 (25.0) | 8 (36.4) | |
No. of organs with metastases, n (%) | 0.366 | ||
0, 1 | 14 (38.9) | 6 (27.3) | |
≥2 | 22 (61.1) | 16 (72.7) | |
Sites of metastasis, n (%) | |||
Lung | 28 (77.8) | 19 (86.4) | 0.418 |
Lymph node | 7 (19.4) | 10 (45.5) | 0.035 |
Bone | 9 (25.0) | 12 (54.5) | 0.023 |
Liver | 4 (11.1) | 2 (9.1) | 0.806 |
Previous nephrectomy, n (%) | 28 (53.8) | 2 (33.3) | 0.018 |
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Sang, Y.B.; Yang, H.; Lee, W.S.; Lee, S.J.; Kim, S.-G.; Cheon, J.; Kang, B.; Kim, C.W.; Chon, H.J.; Kim, C. High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers 2022, 14, 5985. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235985
Sang YB, Yang H, Lee WS, Lee SJ, Kim S-G, Cheon J, Kang B, Kim CW, Chon HJ, Kim C. High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(23):5985. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235985
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang, Yun Beom, Hannah Yang, Won Suk Lee, Seung Joon Lee, Seul-Gi Kim, Jaekyung Cheon, Beodeul Kang, Chang Woo Kim, Hong Jae Chon, and Chan Kim. 2022. "High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma" Cancers 14, no. 23: 5985. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235985
APA StyleSang, Y. B., Yang, H., Lee, W. S., Lee, S. J., Kim, S.-G., Cheon, J., Kang, B., Kim, C. W., Chon, H. J., & Kim, C. (2022). High Serum Levels of IL-6 Predict Poor Responses in Patients Treated with Pembrolizumab plus Axitinib for Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers, 14(23), 5985. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235985