Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for the Generation of Circulating Tumors Cells and Cancer Cell Dissemination
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Molecular Basis of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Generation of Circulating Tumors Cells
3. Role of Circulating Tumors Cells with Cancer Stem Cell Properties in Metastasis
3.1. Metastatic Cascade
3.1.1. Invasion and Intravasation
3.1.2. Surviving Bloodstream Circulation
3.1.3. Extravasation and Colonization
4. Clinical Applications of CTC Enumeration and CTC Subtyping
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name | Type of Method | Target | Cancer | Clinical Trials | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CellSearch® system | Positive IMS | EpCAM | GC, BC, PC | NCT01116869 | [63,74,78] |
EPHESIA CTC-Chip | Positive IMS | EpCAM | PCa, BC | [79] | |
MagSweeper™ | Positive IMS | EpCAM | BC | [80,81] | |
Herringbone-Chip | Positive IMS | EpCAM | PC, LC, NSCLC | NCT01734915 | [82] |
IsoFlux | Positive IMS | EpCAM | PC, CRC, PCa | [83] | |
Adnatest® system | Positive IMS | EpCAM, MUC-1 HER2, CEA | BC, CRC | [84] | |
Nanovelcro-chip | Positive IMS | EpCAM | PCa | ||
GEDI microdevice | Positive IMS | PSMA | PCa | [85] | |
CTC-iChip | Negative IMS | CD45, CD66b | BC | [86,87] | |
ClearCell® FX | Dean flow fractionation | Label-free | BC, PC, OC | NCT04696744 | [88,89,90] |
ApoStream® | Dielectrophoretic field -flow fractionation | Electrical signature | BC, LC, PC | NCT02349867 | [91,92] |
Onco-Quick® | Porous membrane | Density, size | BC, Carcinoma | [93,94] | |
VITA-AssayTM | Positive IMS | Cell adhesionmatrix (CAM) | PCa | [95] | |
ISET® | Microfilter | Size, shape | LC, BPC, MPM | NCT03328559, NCT01776385 | [96] |
ScreenCell | Microfilter | Size, shape | BC, EA | NCT02610764 | [97] |
EPIDROP | Positive IMS | Variable | PC, PCa | NCT05346536, NCT04581109 NCT04556916 | [98] (review) |
EPISPOT | Protein secretion epithelial immunoSPOT | CK19, MUC-1, PSA | BC, CRC, PCa | NCT01596790, NCT01402154 | [98,99] |
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Noubissi Nzeteu, G.A.; Geismann, C.; Arlt, A.; Hoogwater, F.J.H.; Nijkamp, M.W.; Meyer, N.H.; Bockhorn, M. Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for the Generation of Circulating Tumors Cells and Cancer Cell Dissemination. Cancers 2022, 14, 5483. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225483
Noubissi Nzeteu GA, Geismann C, Arlt A, Hoogwater FJH, Nijkamp MW, Meyer NH, Bockhorn M. Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for the Generation of Circulating Tumors Cells and Cancer Cell Dissemination. Cancers. 2022; 14(22):5483. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225483
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoubissi Nzeteu, Gaetan Aime, Claudia Geismann, Alexander Arlt, Frederik J. H. Hoogwater, Maarten W. Nijkamp, N. Helge Meyer, and Maximilian Bockhorn. 2022. "Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for the Generation of Circulating Tumors Cells and Cancer Cell Dissemination" Cancers 14, no. 22: 5483. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225483