Improving Risk Stratification of Early Oral Tongue Cancer with TNM-Immune (TNM-I) Staging System
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Total (%) | T1N0M0-Immune | T2N0M0-Immune | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number (%) 243 (83.8%) | Number (%) 47 (16.2%) | |||
Age | 0.844 | |||
≤60 | 121 (41.7%) | 102 (84.3%) | 19 (15.7%) | |
>60 | 169 (58.3%) | 141 (83.4%) | 28 (16.6%) | |
Gender | 0.164 | |||
Men | 152 (52.4%) | 123 (80.9%) | 29 (19.1%) | |
Women | 138 (47.6%) | 120 (87.0%) | 18 (13.0%) | |
WHO Grade | 0.102 | |||
Well-differentiated | 95 (32.8%) | 83 (87.4%) | 12 (12.6%) | |
Moderately-differentiated | 125 (43.1%) | 107 (85.6%) | 18 (14.4%) | |
Poorly-differentiated | 70 (24.1%) | 53 (75.7%) | 17 (24.3%) | |
Perineural invasion | 0.013 | |||
No | 254 (87.6%) | 218 (85.8%) | 36 (14.2%) | |
Yes | 36 (12.4%) | 25 (69.4%) | 11 (30.6%) | |
Pattern of invasion | 0.037 | |||
Cohesive | 72 (24.8%) | 66 (91.7%) | 6 (8.3%) | |
Infiltrative | 218 (75.2%) | 177 (81.2%) | 41 (18.8%) | |
TNM AJCC 8 | 0.140 | |||
T1N0M0 | 88 (30.3%) | 78 (88.6%) | 10 (11.4%) | |
T2N0M0 | 202 (69.7%) | 165 (81.7%) | 37 (18.3%) |
Parameter | Overall Survival | Disease-Specific Survival | Disease-Free Survival | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Univariable Analysis HR (95% CI) p Value | Multivariable Analysis HR (95% CI) p Value | Univariable Analysis HR (95% CI) p Value | Multivariable Analysis HR (95% CI) p Value | Univariable Analysis HR (95% CI) p Value | Multivariable Analysis HR (95% CI) p Value | |
Age | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.012 | p = 0.010 | p = 0.015 | p = 0.014 |
≤60 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
>60 | 2.32 (1.63–3.31) | 2.49 (1.73–3.61) | 2.12 (1.18–3.79) | 2.19 (1.20–4.01) | 1.81 (1.12–2.93) | 1.86 (1.13–3.05) |
Gender | p = 0.164 | p = 0.022 | p = 0.339 | p = 0.433 | p = 0.571 | p = 0.888 |
Men | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Women | 0.79 (0.57–1.10) | 0.67 (0.47–0.94) | 1.29 (0.76–2.20) | 1.25 (0.72–2.17) | 1.14 (0.73–1.78) | 0.97 (0.61–1.54) |
WHO Grade | p = 0.233 | p = 0.219 | p = 0.316 | p = 0.157 | p = 0.798 | p = 0.497 |
Well | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Moderate | 1.34 (0.92–1.96) | 1.39 (0.96–2.05) | 1.64 (0.87–3.12) | 1.85 (0.97–3.53) | 1.09 (0.65–1.86) | 1.15 (0.68–1.96) |
Poor | 1.02 (0.65–1.61) | 1.18 (0.74–1.88) | 1.41 (0.66–2.99) | 1.78 (0.82–3.85) | 1.23 (0.68–2.22) | 1.44 (0.79–2.64) |
Perineural invasion | p = 0.086 | p = 0.233 | p = 0.478 | p = 0.743 | p = 0.224 | p = 0.13 |
No | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
Yes | 1.47 (0.95–2.28) | 1.32 (0.84–2.09) | 1.31 (0.62–2.78) | 1.14 (0.53–2.46) | 1.47 (0.79–2.71) | 1.65 (0.87–3.16) |
TNM AJCC 8 | p = 0.473 | p = 0.697 | p = 0.339 | p = 0.239 | p = 0.108 | p = 0.075 |
T1N0M0 | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
T2N0M0 | 1.15 (0.79–1.68) | 1.08 (0.73–1.61) | 1.36 (0.73–2.53) | 1.48 (0.77–2.83) | 0.69 (0.43–1.09) | 0.64 (0.39–1.05) |
TNM-Immune | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 | p = 0.012 | p = 0.008 | p = 0.015 | p = 0.017 |
T1N0M0-Immune | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
T2N0M0-Immune | 2.52 (1.71–3.71) | 2.87 (1.92–4.28) | 2.22 (1.19–4.15) | 2.41 (1.26–4.60) | 1.96 (1.14–3.37) | 1.97 (1.13–3.43) |
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Almangush, A.; Bello, I.O.; Heikkinen, I.; Hagström, J.; Haglund, C.; Kowalski, L.P.; Coletta, R.D.; Mäkitie, A.A.; Salo, T.; Leivo, I. Improving Risk Stratification of Early Oral Tongue Cancer with TNM-Immune (TNM-I) Staging System. Cancers 2021, 13, 3235. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133235
Almangush A, Bello IO, Heikkinen I, Hagström J, Haglund C, Kowalski LP, Coletta RD, Mäkitie AA, Salo T, Leivo I. Improving Risk Stratification of Early Oral Tongue Cancer with TNM-Immune (TNM-I) Staging System. Cancers. 2021; 13(13):3235. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133235
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlmangush, Alhadi, Ibrahim O. Bello, Ilkka Heikkinen, Jaana Hagström, Caj Haglund, Luiz Paulo Kowalski, Ricardo D. Coletta, Antti A. Mäkitie, Tuula Salo, and Ilmo Leivo. 2021. "Improving Risk Stratification of Early Oral Tongue Cancer with TNM-Immune (TNM-I) Staging System" Cancers 13, no. 13: 3235. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13133235