Comparison of Resistance Spectra after First and Second Line Osimertinib Treatment Detected by Liquid Biopsy
1
Institut für Hämatopathologie Hamburg, Fangdieckstraße 75A, 22547 Hamburg, Germany
2
Lung Cancer Network NOWEL, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
3
Asklepios Campus Hamburg, Semmelweis University, Lohmühlenstraße 5, 20099 Hamburg, Germany
4
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Georgstraße 12, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
5
Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, University of Oldenburg, Georgstraße 12, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany
6
Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
7
Department of Thorax Oncology, Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Franziskus-Hospital Harderberg Alte Rothenfelder Straße 23, 49124 Georgsmarienhütte, Germany
8
Department of Pneumology, Evangelische Lungenklinik Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 27, 13125 Berlin, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Authors contributed equally.
‡
Authors contributed equally.
Academic Editor: Federico Cappuzzo
Cancers 2021, 13(12), 2861; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122861
Received: 23 April 2021
/
Revised: 20 May 2021
/
Accepted: 25 May 2021
/
Published: 8 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in Lung Cancer)
Simple Summary
Since the recent approval of osimertinib, a third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting EGFR in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), tracing the resistance mechanisms that yield to failure of osimertinib has become of interest. As the spectrum of osimertinib-resistance related genomic alterations appears significantly more diverse compared to first and second generation TKI, comprehensive, and preferably non-invasive molecular diagnostic methods are required for the detection of resistance mechanisms. In this study, we present molecular results of 56 NSCLC patients during disease progression on first and second line osimertinib treatment using a hybrid capture (HC) next generation sequencing (NGS) based liquid biopsy approach. We show examples of polyclonal resistance development which leads to the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms in the same patient, and highlight the clinical utility of HC NGS over single gene testing.
Since 2009, several first, second, and third generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) have been approved for targeted treatment of EGFR mutated metastatic non-small lung cancer (NSCLC). A vast majority of patients is improving quickly on treatment; however, resistance is inevitable and typically occurs after one year for TKI of the first and second generation. Osimertinib, a third generation TKI, has recently been approved for first line treatment in the palliative setting and is expected to become approved for the adjuvant setting as well. Progression-free survival (PFS) under osimertinib is superior to its predecessors but its spectrum of resistance alterations appears significantly more diverse compared to first and second generation EGFR TKI. As resistance mechanisms to osimertinib are therapeutically targetable in some cases, it is important to comprehensively test for molecular alterations in the relapse scenario. Liquid biopsy may be advantageous over tissue analysis as it has the potential to represent tumor heterogeneity and clonal diversification. We have previously shown high concordance of hybrid capture (HC) based next generation sequencing (NGS) in liquid biopsy versus solid tumor biopsies. In this study, we now present real-word data from 56 patients with metastatic NSCLC that were tested by liquid biopsy at the time of disease progression on mostly second line treated osimertinib treatment. We present examples of single and multiple TKI resistance mechanisms, including mutations in multiple pathways, copy number changes and rare fusions of RET, ALK, FGFR3 and BRAF. In addition, we present the added value of HC based NGS to reveal polyclonal resistance development at the DNA level encoding multiple EGFR C797S and PIK3CA mutations.
View Full-Text
▼
Show Figures
Figure 1
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
- Supplementary File 1:
ZIP-Document (ZIP, 603 KiB)
MDPI and ACS Style
Jóri, B.; Schatz, S.; Kaller, L.; Kah, B.; Roeper, J.; Ramdani, H.O.; Diehl, L.; Hoffknecht, P.; Grohé, C.; Griesinger, F.; Tiemann, M.; Heukamp, L.C.; Falk, M. Comparison of Resistance Spectra after First and Second Line Osimertinib Treatment Detected by Liquid Biopsy. Cancers 2021, 13, 2861. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122861
AMA Style
Jóri B, Schatz S, Kaller L, Kah B, Roeper J, Ramdani HO, Diehl L, Hoffknecht P, Grohé C, Griesinger F, Tiemann M, Heukamp LC, Falk M. Comparison of Resistance Spectra after First and Second Line Osimertinib Treatment Detected by Liquid Biopsy. Cancers. 2021; 13(12):2861. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122861
Chicago/Turabian StyleJóri, Balázs, Stefanie Schatz, Len Kaller, Bettina Kah, Julia Roeper, Hayat O. Ramdani, Linda Diehl, Petra Hoffknecht, Christian Grohé, Frank Griesinger, Markus Tiemann, Lukas C. Heukamp, and Markus Falk. 2021. "Comparison of Resistance Spectra after First and Second Line Osimertinib Treatment Detected by Liquid Biopsy" Cancers 13, no. 12: 2861. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13122861
Find Other Styles
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
