Immune Suppressive Effects of Plasma-Derived Exosome Populations in Head and Neck Cancer
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Clinicopathological Characteristics of HNSCC Patients
2.2. Characteristics of Plasma-Derived Exosomes
2.3. Association of Exosomal Protein Levels with Clinicopathological Parameters
2.4. Induction of Apoptosis in Activated CD8+ T Cells by Plasma-Derived Exosomes
2.5. Suppression of CD8+ T Cell Activation by Plasma-Derived Exosomes
2.6. Induction of CD39+ Treg Differentiation
2.7. Production of Adenosine by Plasma-Derived Exosome Populations
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients
4.2. Exosome Isolation by Mini Size Exclusion Chromatography (Mini-SEC)
4.3. Characterization of Plasma-Derived Exosomes
4.3.1. Nanoparticle Tracking
4.3.2. Transmission Electron Microscopy
4.3.3. Western Blot
4.4. BCA Protein Assay and Exosome Concentration
4.5. Separation of Total Exosomes Using Biotinylated CD45 Antibodies
4.6. Functional Assays
4.6.1. Apoptosis and CD69 Induction in CD8+ Cells by Patients’ Exosomes
4.6.2. CD39 Induction in CD4+ T Cells by Patients’ Exosomes
4.6.3. Evaluation of Adenosine Production by Patients’ Exosomes
4.7. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics. | Patients (n = 41) | |
---|---|---|
n | % | |
Age (years) | ||
≤ 65 | 29 | 71 |
> 65 | 12 | 29 |
(range: 43–85) | ||
Gender | ||
Male | 38 | 93 |
Female | 3 | 7 |
Primary tumor site | ||
Oral cavity | 14 | 34 |
Pharynx | 21 | 52 |
Larynx | 5 | 12 |
Squamous cell skin cancer (ear) | 1 | 2 |
Tumor stage | ||
T1 | 13 | 32 |
T2 | 12 | 29 |
T3 | 12 | 29 |
T4 | 4 | 10 |
Nodal status | ||
N0 | 19 | 46 |
N+ | 22 | 54 |
Distant metastasis | ||
M0 | 41 | 100 |
UICC stage | ||
I/II | 19 | 46 |
III/IV | 22 | 54 |
Alcohol consumption | ||
Yes | 18 | 44 |
No | 22 | 54 |
Unknown | 1 | 2 |
Tobacco consumption | ||
Yes | 26 | 63 |
No | 15 | 37 |
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Beccard, I.J.; Hofmann, L.; Schroeder, J.C.; Ludwig, S.; Laban, S.; Brunner, C.; Lotfi, R.; Hoffmann, T.K.; Jackson, E.K.; Schuler, P.J.; et al. Immune Suppressive Effects of Plasma-Derived Exosome Populations in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 1997. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071997
Beccard IJ, Hofmann L, Schroeder JC, Ludwig S, Laban S, Brunner C, Lotfi R, Hoffmann TK, Jackson EK, Schuler PJ, et al. Immune Suppressive Effects of Plasma-Derived Exosome Populations in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers. 2020; 12(7):1997. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071997
Chicago/Turabian StyleBeccard, Inga J., Linda Hofmann, Jan C. Schroeder, Sonja Ludwig, Simon Laban, Cornelia Brunner, Ramin Lotfi, Thomas K. Hoffmann, Edwin K. Jackson, Patrick J. Schuler, and et al. 2020. "Immune Suppressive Effects of Plasma-Derived Exosome Populations in Head and Neck Cancer" Cancers 12, no. 7: 1997. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071997
APA StyleBeccard, I. J., Hofmann, L., Schroeder, J. C., Ludwig, S., Laban, S., Brunner, C., Lotfi, R., Hoffmann, T. K., Jackson, E. K., Schuler, P. J., & Theodoraki, M.-N. (2020). Immune Suppressive Effects of Plasma-Derived Exosome Populations in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers, 12(7), 1997. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12071997