S100A10 Has a Critical Regulatory Function in Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis: Insights Using MMTV-PyMT Oncomice and Clinical Patient Sample Analysis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Loss of p11 Results in Delayed Appearance of Multifocal Dysplastic Lesions
2.2. p11 Plays a Role in Mammary Tumor Growth and Progression
2.3. Loss of p11 Reduces Tumor Cell Proliferation, Vascular Density, and Macrophage Infiltration
2.4. Loss of p11 Reduced Spontaneous and Experimental Metastasis
2.5. p11 Expression Is Restricted to the Stromal Compartment in Mammary and Pulmonary Metastatic Tumors
2.6. Loss of p11 Does Not Affect Plasminogen Activation (or Plasmin Generation) in PyMT Tumors
2.7. P11 Regulates Expression of Genes and Cytokines Affecting Tumor Progression
2.8. p11 Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Mice
4.2. Cell Culture and Reagents
4.3. Whole Mount Analysis
4.4. Tumor Measurements
4.5. Spontaneous and Experimental Metastasis Quantification
4.6. Tissue Processing and Immunohistochemistry
4.7. Gene Expression Profiling (Mouse Tumors)
4.8. Gene Expression Profiling (Human Tumors)
4.9. Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (Mouse Tumors)
4.10. Human Patient Breast Tissue Collection, p11 Immunohistochemistry, and H-Score Assignment
4.11. Isolation of Mouse PyMT Tumor Cell Lines
4.12. Plasmin Generation Assay
4.13. Immunoblotting
4.14. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bharadwaj, A.G.; Dahn, M.L.; Liu, R.-Z.; Colp, P.; Thomas, L.N.; Holloway, R.W.; Marignani, P.A.; Too, C.K.L.; Barnes, P.J.; Godbout, R.; et al. S100A10 Has a Critical Regulatory Function in Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis: Insights Using MMTV-PyMT Oncomice and Clinical Patient Sample Analysis. Cancers 2020, 12, 3673. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123673
Bharadwaj AG, Dahn ML, Liu R-Z, Colp P, Thomas LN, Holloway RW, Marignani PA, Too CKL, Barnes PJ, Godbout R, et al. S100A10 Has a Critical Regulatory Function in Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis: Insights Using MMTV-PyMT Oncomice and Clinical Patient Sample Analysis. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3673. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123673
Chicago/Turabian StyleBharadwaj, Alamelu G., Margaret L. Dahn, Rong-Zong Liu, Patricia Colp, Lynn N. Thomas, Ryan W. Holloway, Paola A. Marignani, Catherine K. L. Too, Penelope J. Barnes, Roseline Godbout, and et al. 2020. "S100A10 Has a Critical Regulatory Function in Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis: Insights Using MMTV-PyMT Oncomice and Clinical Patient Sample Analysis" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3673. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123673